The fifth type of decay of the Higgs boson into other elementary particles has been discovered. Free Technical Library News

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Fifth type of Higgs boson decay into other elementary particles discovered

07.09.2018

Researchers at Princeton University have announced that they have traced the fifth, most obvious and common way in which the Higgs boson decays into other elementary particles. This discovery, according to Princeton scientists, opens up completely new directions in the study of fundamental physical laws, on which all the "work" of the Universe is based. Note that the fifth type of decay of the Higgs boson was the decay of this particle into two down quarks.

Scientists are confident that the fifth type of decay they have discovered will become the main type used by physicists to identify Higgs particles. According to information from James Olsen, lead researcher, a new type of boson decay was first found by them in a purely theoretical way, but then scientists found traces of such real decays at exactly the places and times where they expected to find it.

Higgs bosons exist "in pure form" only for very short periods of time, on the order of one septillion fraction of a second. After that, the boson decays, giving rise to several "daughter" particles, which can exist for a longer time. And it is the registration of these secondary particles that allows scientists to conclude that the Higgs boson existed at a given point in space some time ago.

Secondary particles generated by the decay of the Higgs boson mix with other particles resulting from proton collisions in the depths of the Large Hadron Collider, where the Higgs boson was first detected in 2012 in the history of science. But in 2012, scientists knew and used only three types of boson decay. However, according to new information, the decay of the Higgs boson into two down quarks occurs much more often than other types of decay, accounting for about 60 percent of the total.

One of the main difficulties in registering the fifth type of decay is that it is very difficult to trace the origin of the down quark from the decay of the Higgs boson. The down quark is a tiny particle that can also be born as a result of the decay of other elementary particles. But this task is now quite successfully handled by the modernized sensors of the CMS and ATLAS experiments, plus the corresponding software that analyzes the data supplied by the sensors.

In addition to the existing main sensors of the CMS and ATLAS experiments, several additional smaller sensors are now attached that cover the working volume, like layers of an onion. Each layer can detect particles and reconstruct their path, allowing the path of a particle to be traced back to its source. This, in turn, makes it possible to identify the points in space where the Higgs boson formed during the proton collision.

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A group of physiologists from the University of Belgrade (Serbia) repeated these experiments, but in a different version, close to reality. They digested with artificial gastric juice not purified allergens, but whole extracts from strawberries, kiwis, bananas and apples - almost fruit juice with pulp. It turned out that in this case the allergens are not digested.

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