Foreign economic activity. The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia (the most important)

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Foreign economic activity. The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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28. The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia

The formation of the Russian Federation as an independent state has significantly changed the approach to the regulation of foreign trade activities (FTA).

The efforts of recent years associated with the creation of such a mechanism were reduced to the liberalization of foreign economic activity and attempts to form a market basis for interaction in this area, based on the predominance of economic instruments. To this end, starting from the first half of 1992, the following government measures were taken:

▪ Administrative restrictions on entering the foreign market have been lifted, excluding cases of threat to national security;

▪ A potential reduction in the number of quota-based and licensed export goods and a transition to tariff methods of regulating exports has begun. At the same time, a mechanism for the competitive sale of export quotas was introduced, and a transition was made to payment of export duties in foreign currency, payable after payment of the supply by the foreign counterparty;

▪ Measures have been taken such as streamlining the export of strategically important raw materials, establishing customs borders, creating tools for certification and quality control of imported products, and developing an information system for servicing foreign trade activities;

▪ The Customs Code and a number of laws have been adopted (“On currency regulation and foreign exchange control”, “On customs tariffs”, “On the fundamentals of state regulation of foreign trade activities”).

Despite the importance of the adopted law on foreign trade regulation by the state, it did not bring stability to the system of methods and principles used, of a predominantly economic nature. The priority in favor of expanding the base of non-tariff restrictions, the principle of inconsistency in the methods of influencing export-import operations, including by changing the provisions of already adopted legislative acts, still remained. The negative aspects of the mechanism of state regulation of foreign economic activity were fully manifested during the period of a sharp deterioration in the state of Russia's foreign trade turnover in 1997-1998. and the deterioration of its economic situation during the financial crisis in August 1998.

Despite the above measures, the mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade has not been formed, so far it is characterized by fragmentation, instability and inconsistency, the absence of a single legislative and entrepreneurial framework, relying mostly on administrative decisions, as a rule, of a short-term nature.

At the same time, methods of non-tariff restriction prevail. Their necessity is justified and dictated by well-known economic difficulties, at the same time, their weakening is required as one of the conditions for joining the WTO.

The number of measures of state regulation of foreign trade is constantly growing.

Currently, the methods of foreign trade regulation in accordance with international classifications are divided into 8 main groups:

▪ tariff methods;

▪ para-tariff methods;

▪ price control measures;

▪ financial measures;

▪ quantitative control methods;

▪ automatic licensing;

▪ monopolistic measures;

▪ technical barriers.

State regulation of foreign trade is carried out through the foreign trade policy of the state.

Foreign trade policy of the state - this is the definition of a strategy and a set of various forms and means of state activity aimed at developing and regulating trade relations with other countries of the world and (or) their groupings. The foreign trade policy of the state is formed:

▪ from the strategy;

▪ a set of specific methods and means of implementing this strategy.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

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