Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
50. The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
Non-tariff restrictions on import operations (hereinafter - NTO) is a set of restrictive and prohibitive measures that prevent the penetration of foreign goods into domestic markets. The purpose of these measures is to strengthen the competitive position of the importing country, protect the national industry, protect the life and health of the population, the environment, morality, religion and national security. NTOs are used in relation to export transactions to protect national markets.
In international practice, non-tariff measures used as barriers are divided into two groups:
▪ economic - special types of duties, various taxes and fees, import deposits, currency regulation measures;
▪ administrative - embargo, licensing and quotas, “voluntary export restrictions, monopolistic measures, use of standards and technical norms, additional customs documents and procedures for protectionist purposes, etc.
In Russia, the use of non-tariff restrictions, including administrative measures of influence on foreign trade processes and subjects of foreign economic activity, is currently being maintained and expanded.
Non-tariff restrictions include a number of technical measures, administrative restrictions and customs formalities:
▪ certification and labeling of goods in Russian;
▪ sanitary, veterinary, phytosanitary and environmental control measures;
▪ establishment of specific checkpoints for certain goods (cars, chicken legs) imported into the territory of Russia, as well as transit goods;
▪ establishment of a special procedure for registration of excisable goods;
▪ creation of special customs posts for customs clearance of import and export of certain goods (diamonds, cut diamonds, emeralds);
▪ direct ban on the import and export of certain goods.
The main ones are: licensing; quotas and quotas; export, import and currency control; passage of customs formalities and customs control, system of benefits.
Quotas and licensing remain the main non-tariff restrictions on exports and imports.
At the same time, however, a number of measures necessary for effective regulation of the economy are not yet used in Russia, in contrast to world practice.
Para-tariff payments (levied on goods crossing the customs border and increasing the cost of imported goods by an additional amount in addition to customs duty) in Russia include:
▪ fees for customs clearance, storage and customs escort of goods;
▪ internal taxes levied on imported goods - value added tax and excise taxes;
▪ decreed customs value (applied in Russia to excisable goods - cars, tires, gasoline, tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, etc.);
▪ para-tariff fee for transit goods.
In Russia do not apply:
▪ price control measures, there are no special customs surcharges to maintain prices at a certain level;
▪ financial measures restricting the use of foreign exchange for import purposes.
Russia has also not developed automatic licensing measures, which are used as a method of monitoring the state of the market, which allows you to track observed trends and, if necessary, introduce protective measures. Non-automatic licensing is carried out in order to:
▪ ensure compliance with foreign trade quotas;
▪ ensure control over the import and export of a number of specific goods;
▪ ensure compliance with the interests of national and international security when trading goods of double and double value;
The customs clearance procedure in Russia does not yet fully comply with international standards.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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