Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
64. Substantive law and conflict of law rules
The rules of international private law are divided into:
▪ reference (conflict);
▪ direct action norms.
The rules of direct action are divided into:
▪ substantive and legal;
▪ procedural and legal.
Substantive law - norms that directly and directly regulate the behavior of PIL subjects, determining the content of their rights and obligations. Substantive legal norms are contained in international agreements, as well as in domestic legislation specifically designed to regulate relations with a foreign element. These standards include:
▪ regulating foreign economic activity;
▪ determining the legal status of various companies with foreign investments established on the territory of Russia;
▪ relating to the investment regime. Investment activities on the territory of the Russian Federation;
▪ determining the status of citizens in Russia abroad;
▪ defining the rights and obligations of foreign citizens and organizations in the field of civil, family and labor law.
The above norms contain a direct prescription that directly determines the rights and obligations of participants in legal relations with a foreign or international element.
Conflict rules - norms indicating the law of which state is to be applied to these relations.
A conflict rule consists of a volume and a binding. The volume indicates the type of private legal relationship with a foreign element, and the binding indicates the law (legal system) that is to be applied to this type of relationship. There are several types of bindings known to private international law:
1. personal law - binding used to establish the status of the parties to a private legal relationship:
▪ law of citizenship - the law of the state of which the participant in the private law relationship is a citizen is applied;
▪ law of residence - the law of the state in whose territory the participant in the private law relationship resides is applied.
2. Personal law for a legal entity or Law of nationality - indicates the belonging of a legal entity to the legal system of a certain state and, accordingly, its state affiliation. The nationality of a legal entity is determined by the attachment rules;
▪ according to the law of the location of the administrative center (France, Germany);
▪ according to the law of the place where the main activity is carried out (in developing countries);
▪ according to the law of the place of establishment, registration of the charter (RF; USA).
3. The law of location - means the choice of law for real legal relations and involves the application of the law of the state in whose territory the thing is located.
4. The law chosen by the person who made the transaction - "autonomy of will" means the application of the law of that state, which will be chosen by the parties-participants of a private legal relationship.
5. Law of the place of the act - the law of the state in whose territory the private law act was committed is subject to application. Also stand out:
▪ The law of the place where the contract was made - the law of the state where the contract is concluded is applied;
▪ Law of the place of performance of the contract - the law of the state where the obligation arising from the contract is subject to execution is applied;
▪ Law of the place of marriage - the law of the state in whose territory the marriage was concluded shall apply;
▪ Law of place of injury - the law of the state on whose territory the harm was caused is applied;
7. Law of the place of work - the law of the country where the labor activity is carried out is applied;
8. flag law - means the law of the state whose flag the ship is flying;
9. court law - the law of the country where the dispute is being considered shall apply to the proceedings.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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