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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Common cherry (sour cherry, garden cherry). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common cherry (sour cherry, garden cherry), Cerasus vulgaris. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Cherry (Cerasus). Family: Pink (Rosaceae). Origin: Homeland cherry ordinary - South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is currently cultivated in many countries around the world. Area: The plant is grown in temperate and tropical climatic zones of the world. Chemical composition: Cherry fruits contain organic acids (malic, tartaric, citric), sugars (glucose, fructose), vitamins (C, B1, B2, PP), trace elements (calcium, phosphorus, iron), pectin and tannins. Economic value: Common cherry is used in the food industry for the production of jam, canning, syrups, and also for the preparation of alcoholic beverages. In medicine, cherry is used as a means to improve the functions of the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary system. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, the cherry was associated with the goddess of love, Aphrodite. According to legend, when Adonis was killed by his rival, the goddess Aphrodite turned his blood into cherry juice. This juice symbolized the blood of Adonis and his love for Aphrodite. In Japanese culture, cherry is a symbol of spring and beauty. In Japan, traditional cherry blossom festivals are held every year. These flowers also symbolize the brevity of life and beauty that does not last long.
Common cherry (sour cherry, garden cherry), Cerasus vulgaris. Description, illustrations of the plant Cherry. Legends, myths, history
According to legend, cherry was first brought to Ancient Rome from the city of Kerak. One of the Latin names of the plant - cerasus - hints at this circumstance. As you know, cherry flowers appear earlier than leaves. Therefore, in Eastern culture, cherry symbolizes the life of a person who comes into this world naked, and the earth accepts him naked. In China, cherry represents youth, hope, as well as feminine beauty and the feminine in nature. White-pink flower of the Japanese decorative cherry - sakura - the emblem of Japan. Its flowering lasts sometimes a few days, and sometimes only a few hours. The Japanese associate such a fleeting flowering with the transience of human life. Japanese samurai gave their lives for their master as resignedly as tender sakura petals leave a tree with a light breeze. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Cherry, Cerasus vulgaris Mill. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Tree or shrub 2,5-6 m high with a wide spherical crown. The leaves are broadly oval, petiolate, cuneate at the base, pointed at the apex, serrated along the edge. The flowers are white, collected in a few-flowered umbrella. The fruit is a one-seeded, juicy, rounded drupe from light red to black-burgundy in color. The stone is round, smooth, easily separated from the pulp. Blossoms in the second half of April - in May. In Rus', cherry was the most common fruit tree. And now the culture of cherry occupies a leading role in fruit growing. Almost all cultivars are descended from the common cherry. Cherry has a wide distribution area. It is cultivated almost throughout the country (with the exception of the northern regions, highlands and deserts). Cherry is winter hardy, grows in elevated places, on soils with good aeration, loves heat and light. It is propagated by offspring or by grafting. For propagation by grafting, seedlings obtained from seeds are used as a rootstock. Vaccination is carried out in spring or summer, during the period of sap flow. One- and two-year-old cherry seedlings are planted in the spring, before bud break, in pits prepared in the fall and seasoned with fertilizers. Be sure to water after planting. Cherries bear fruit from the second or third year. Trees need pruning throughout their life span, as it promotes their growth. Pruning is carried out in the spring, and pinching in the summer. It is advisable to cut high crowns to 3,5-3,7 m. The main value of cherry fruits is due to the fact that they contain sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose, inositol) and organic acids (malic, citric) in an optimal ratio. They contain a lot of tannins, anthocyanins. They are accompanied by P-active substances, which are evenly distributed throughout the fruit pulp. The set of vitamins (carotene, B1, C, PP), although not large, but along with microelements, they are in an easily digestible form and are stored in processed products throughout the entire shelf life. There are a lot of cherries and other valuable qualities in the fruits. For example, in terms of the content of coumarins, which reduce blood clotting and prevent the formation of blood clots, they are second only to pomegranate and red currant, and they contain twice as much iron as apples. Cherry fruits are as rich in potassium as grapes. In addition, they found zinc, copper, nickel, rubidium and other trace elements that promote hematopoiesis.
Kernels of bones contain essential and fatty oils, amygdalin glycoside. Phenolic compounds and tannins were found in the petioles of the leaves. Cherry glue (gum) consists of polysaccharides. In dietary nutrition, cherry fruits are recommended as a tonic and mild laxative. Pulp and juice due to phytoncidal properties give a good therapeutic effect in diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis. It is recommended to eat cherries for kidney and bladder stones. The stalks are used in folk medicine for the treatment of dropsy, as a diuretic, for diarrhea. Gum is used as an enveloping agent for inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Cherries are consumed both fresh and dried and canned. They are used to prepare jam, compote, syrup, extract, sweets, juice, jelly, fruit water, etc. The leafy branches of the tree are used to make fragrant kvass, tea, for pickling cucumbers, sauerkraut (they give pickles hardness and a peculiar flavor). Gum is used in textile production for finishing fabrics, and dense wood is used for turning and carpentry. The cherry tree is used in ornamental gardening, as well as to fix the soil. Cherry is a good honey plant. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Common cherry, Cerasus vulgaris Mill. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
The rose family is Rosaceae. Tree or shrub 3-7 m tall. The bark of the trunks is brown, leafy-flaking, with large transverse lenticels. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, elliptical, pointed at the apex, dark green, 7-12 cm long. Flowers on long stalks, collected 2-4 in umbellate inflorescences. Inflorescences are located at the ends of very short axillary shoots. Flowers 20-25 mm in diameter, corolla of five white petals. The fruit is a spherical or somewhat flattened drupe from light to dark red. Blooms in April - May, before the leaves appear. The fruits ripen in June - July. In culture it is represented by a large number of varieties. The fruits contain up to 15% sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (mainly malic and citric), tannins and dyes, vitamins (carotene, thiamine, ascorbic and nicotinic acids); in seeds 25-35% fatty oil (it contains a significant amount of hydrocyanic acid), amygdalin glycoside and essential oil; in the bark - tannins and dyes, glycosides fuscoflobafen and furbroflobafen, citric acid; in the leaves - citric acid, tannins, quercetin, amygdalin, coumarin, gum. The seeds are poisonous. Fruits are consumed fresh, juice, syrups, wines are obtained from processed fruits, confectionery products are made from them, canned, frozen, dried. The fatty oil from the seeds has an almond-like taste, but quickly rancid, burns well, and can be used in soap making. The leaves are used as spices for salting and pickling mushrooms, cucumbers, tomatoes, as a substitute for tea, and also mixed with shag to flavor it. Cherry was used in folk medicine in various countries. The fruits were used as a decoction for epilepsy, arthritis, as a mild laxative, expectorant and appetite stimulant; stalks - as an astringent, diuretic and hemostatic agent for heavy menstrual bleeding. The branches are used as an astringent for gastrointestinal disorders; fresh leaves - with jaundice, nosebleeds; roots - with gastric ulcer; seeds - for gout and urolithiasis. Good honey plant, gives a lot of nectar and pollen. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Common cherry (sour cherry, garden cherry), Prunus cerasus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
One of the Latin synonyms for the genus cherry - Cerasus (the old name of the genus Cherry) comes from the Greek. kerasos or Armenian keraseni and is associated with the city of Cerasus (Kerasunt, currently Giresun) on the southern coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, from where, according to Pliny, consul Lucullus (I century BC) brought cherries to Rome. But it is more likely that this name comes from the Persian keras - "cherry", which, on the contrary, gave the name to the city mentioned above. The Russian generic name "cherry" is explained in different ways: according to some scientists, it comes from lat. viscum - "bird glue" and is explained by the fact that the sticky substance protruding from the trunks of cherries was once used to catch birds. According to others, it is primordially Slavic and comes from the verb "hang", from which "visna" was formed, and later - "cherry" (the word visna is "a branch drooping under the weight of fruits"). A tree or shrub up to 10 m high. The crown is sprawling, almost spherical. The bark of the trunks is gray-brown or brown, smooth, with a peeling crust and large transverse lenticels. Shoots are long, glabrous, green at first, then red-brown. Buds ovoid, obtuse or pointed, red-brown. The leaves are simple, alternate, petiolate, broadly elliptical, pointed at the ends, with two linear falling stipules, dark green, glossy above, lighter below, matte; smooth, glabrous, serrate along the edge, reach a length of 7-12 cm. The flowers are white, rarely pink, fragrant, regular, bisexual, up to 2-2,5 cm in diameter, on long peduncles, collected in small (2-4) flowers, umbellate inflorescences. Five petals and sepals, multiple stamens (15-20 pcs.), One pistil, superior ovary. Cherry blossoms in April-May, before the leaves appear. Flowering lasts 10-20 days. The fruits are dark cherry or dark red spherical drupes, sweet and sour, with fleshy juicy pulp, up to 2-2,5 cm in diameter, ripen in June-July. The stone is spherical, hard, smooth, one-seeded, light yellow. The seed (kernel of the bone) is poisonous. Cherry grows everywhere except the Far North, highlands and deserts. Grown in Western Siberia, in the European part of Russia, Central Asia, Ukraine, in the steppe zone of Europe (Italy, Germany, Poland, Hungary). It is found only in cultivation, but it runs wild and can be found in the vicinity of settlements throughout Eurasia, except for the northern regions. Some biologists consider common cherry a natural hybrid of steppe cherries and sweet cherries (bird cherries), which arose and repeated many times in places of joint growth of maternal species. It is assumed that the natural crossing of sweet cherries and steppe cherries occurred in Macedonia, but possibly in the North Caucasus and in the Dnieper region.
The fruits contain organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid, succinic acid, salicylic acid), macronutrients (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), trace elements (copper, iron), as well as pectin, tannins, enzymes, anthocyanins, sugars (glucose, fructose), vitamins A, C, B2, PP, P, folic acid, coumarin. Leaves, stalks, bark contain citric acid, tannins, glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids. In addition, the leaves and stalks contain quercetin, rutin; in the bark - dyes; in the seeds - essential and fatty oils, glycoside amygdalin. Cherry glue contains arabinose. Cherry fruits are consumed fresh. They are also suitable for various types of processing: obtaining juices, compotes, jelly, fruit wine, making jam and jam. They are also used in the preparation of dumplings, fruit soups, pies, pies, pastries and cakes, uzvars, fruit wines, syrups, marmalades, candied fruits. Leaves are added when salting, pickling and pickling vegetables. Twigs - when baking and smoking homemade sausages, meat, etc. For treatment, fruits, bark and juice of cherries, stalks (dry), leaves, branches, cherry glue are used. The time for collecting fruits, seeds and stalks is June-July (in the process of collecting ripened fruits), branches and leaves - May. The stalks are dried in the usual way, while they must retain their green color. Cherry fruits are used to improve digestion and appetite; they quench thirst, have antiseptic, tonic, capillary-strengthening, antioxidant, expectorant, anti-sclerotic, anti-radiation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, tonic, diuretic and mild laxative properties; relieve nausea and vomiting, reduce high blood pressure, blood clotting; are a preventive measure that reduces the likelihood of developing cancer. Fresh cherries or their water infusions are used for anemia, fever, respiratory diseases, bronchitis, pneumonia, liver diseases, to improve metabolism (for example, in diabetes mellitus); with dropsy, urolithiasis. There is information about the soothing, anticonvulsant properties of water infusions of cherries. Cherry fruits with milk are taken in the treatment of arthritis, gout. Cherry juice has a detrimental effect on pyogenic infections (streptococci, staphylococci) and dysentery pathogens. A decoction of the stalks has diuretic properties, it is recommended for the treatment of diseases of the joints (gout), uric acid diathesis, dysentery, diarrhea, pneumonia, and edema. Cherry stalks are part of slimming teas. Decoctions of cherry branches have an antidiarrheal effect in chronic colitis, are used for intestinal atony. Leaves are used for anemia, flatulence. Decoctions of fresh leaves in milk are effective for jaundice of various etiologies, and fresh leaves and tampons with their juice are effective for bleeding from the nose and damage to the skin. Quite often, on sites dedicated to traditional medicine, it is recommended to use cherry seed emulsions for gout or kidney stones, however, the use of such remedies can easily lead to hydrocyanic acid poisoning. Therefore, it is better to use safer means for the treatment of these diseases, without risking the health and life of your or your loved ones. Cherry bark is used to eliminate hyperuricemia (decrease in the level of uric acid in the blood); as an astringent in the treatment of diarrhea; as a hemostatic agent - in uterine bleeding, in the treatment of fibroids. Cherry glue is used for skin rashes, pimples, acne. Cherry seeds (kernels) contain amygdalin glycoside, which, under the action of putrefactive bacteria in the intestine, decomposes, forming hydrocyanic acid, which can cause severe poisoning, especially in children. When using jam and compotes from cherries with a stone that have undergone long-term heat treatment, poisoning, as a rule, is not observed, since with prolonged heating (at a temperature of 70-80 ° C), amygdalase loses enzymatic activity, amygdalin glycoside does not decompose into its constituent parts and hydrocyanic acid is not formed. But tinctures and liqueurs should be prepared only without a stone. Homemade cherry compotes, prepared by pouring boiling syrup three times without prolonged heat treatment, should also be prepared after removing the seeds from the berries. Cherry fruits are not recommended for use with individual intolerance, patients with duodenal ulcer and stomach ulcers, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperacid (with high acidity) gastritis. When colitis use only cherry juice. Preparations from the bark, twigs, stalks, leaves, and especially cherry seeds should not be used during pregnancy and children under 12 years of age. In other cases, a preliminary consultation with the attending physician is necessary. In addition to its nutritional qualities, the cherry is of great importance for beekeeping, being a good honey plant. It is also used as an ornamental plant in edge and group plantings, hedges. Cherry wood is used to make furniture, various turning and carpentry crafts, and the bark is used for tanning leather. Cherry juice is used to improve the taste of medicines. Shade-tolerant, fast-growing, frost-resistant and drought-resistant culture. Grows best in humus-rich, loose soils. Responds well to soil liming. Cherry seeds are propagated to obtain seedlings, which are used as rootstocks. To preserve varietal properties and characteristics, they are propagated vegetatively: by root suckers, grafting, green and root and cuttings. For cross-pollination, at least 3 varieties of cherries must be planted in the garden.
Cherry ordinary. reference Information
Cherry is a root shrub or tree 3-7 m high of the pink family. The flowers are collected in small inflorescences of white or pale pink. Blooms in late April - May. The fruit is a juicy drupe with a spherical stone. Common cherry is unknown in the wild. By origin, it is a spontaneous allopolinoid that arose from crossing sweet cherries and steppe cherries. Cherry pits have been found in Paleolithic fossils. The homeland of the plant is the city of Kerasund on the Black Sea coast. The first written information about cherries dates back to the XNUMXth century BC. e. In France, cherries and sweet cherries were widely cultivated as early as the XNUMXth century. n. e. In Russia, the beginning of the laying of cherry orchards near Moscow was first laid by Yuri Dolgoruky. Cherry culture originates from Kievan Rus. Fruits contain up to 15% sugars, up to 11-pectin, inositol, organic acids (mainly malic and citric - 1,5-2,1%), tannins (0,24%), carotene (0,3 mg %), vitamins C, B and PP, folic acid. Of the minerals, there is a lot of copper (11,7 mg per kilogram of fruit), potassium, iron, and magnesium. The seeds contain fatty oil (25-35%), amygdalin and essential oil (0,016%). Tannins (5-7%), glycosides, citric acid were found in the bark. The leaves contain citric acid, tannins, quercetin, amygdalin, coumarin. The composition of the gum includes araban, methylpentosan, xylan. The content of vitamins is different in different varieties. The average C-vitamin content of fruits is 5-7 mg%. Cherry is rich in substances with P-vitamin activity (the darker the color of the pulp, the more of these substances it contains). In most dark red varieties of the Vladimirskaya type, the content of vitamin P is up to 1-1,5, in black-fruited varieties Griot Ostheimsky, Shpanka black, Chernoplodnaya Chistyakova - up to 2-2,5%. These varieties are almost not inferior in vitamin P content to chokeberry, dark-colored varieties of garden mountain ash (for example, Pomegranate), and apples. The amount of folic acid in freshly ripened cherries is 0,05-0,15 mg% (daily requirement for a person is a milligram). But if the cherry remains on the trees for an extra 10-15 days in warm, sunny weather, the folic acid content in it rises to 0,4-0,5 mg% (the same accumulation of folic acid is observed in raspberries during ripening). Quite a lot of vitamin B2 in cherries. Ordinary varieties contain about 0,1 mg%, and in some varieties (for example, Griot Pobeda), its amount reaches 0,2 mg%. Thus, when using 250 g of fruit pulp, 0,5 mg of vitamin B2 is consumed (with a daily requirement of 2 mg). The presence of coumarins with a predominance of oxycoumarins makes cherries one of the extremely valuable plants. These compounds play an important role in the normalization of blood clotting. They reduce clotting and prevent heart attacks associated with the formation of blood clots. Particularly useful in this respect are the varieties Griot Pobeda 11 Cherry Stepnaya. Cherries are richer in iron than apples, their pulp contains 1-3 mg% of iron. Cherries are used raw, canned and dried. Compotes, jelly, jams, syrups, tinctures, liqueurs, wines, fruit drinks, fruit water are prepared from fruits. Leaves are used for pickling and pickling cucumbers and other vegetables. In the 30s, amygdalin, which contains cherry seeds, was used to treat certain vascular and gastric (gastric ulcers, gastritis) diseases. In some varieties it is quite a lot and the flesh acquires a bitter taste. The effect of high doses of amygdalin is evidenced by the appearance of severe pain in the stomach and heart when using tinctures from whole fruits of cherries, when large amounts of this substance pass into alcohol from the seeds. Cherry improves appetite, taste of medicines. It is recommended for anemia, febrile conditions and as a mild laxative. The pulp and juice have antiseptic properties. Cherry juice in folk medicine was used as an expectorant for bronchitis and bronchial asthma, arthritis, as an antipyretic, for epilepsy and mental illness, the stalks were used as a diuretic for edema, urolithiasis, as an astringent for diarrhea, dysentery, hemostatic during menstrual bleeding; branches - as an astringent for gastrointestinal disorders; fresh leaves for jaundice, nosebleeds; roots - with gastric ulcer; seeds - for gout and kidney stones. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Common cherry, Cerasus vulgaris Mill. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
A tree with a wide crown, up to 3-7 m in height, of the Rosaceae family (Posaceae). The leaves are alternate broadly elliptic, 7-12 cm long and 4-5 cm wide. The flowers are five-petalled, white, in 2-4 flowering umbellate inflorescences. The fruit is a juicy spherical or somewhat flattened red drupe. Blossoms in May, fruits ripen in June-July. Range and habitats. Widely cultivated and occasionally found in the wild (Upper Dnieper). Chemical composition. Cherry fruits contain sugars (up to 12,7%), sucrose 0,5%), inositol, organic acids (up to 2,1%), represented mainly by malic and lactic acids. There is a small amount of tannins and dyes. Fatty oil (25-35%), amygdalin and essential oil were found in the seeds. The bark contains tannins and dyes, glycoside fuscoflobafen and rubroflobafen, citric acid, the leaves contain citric acid, tannins, quercetin, amygdalin, coumarin, kamedin. Application in medicine. Cherry berries, juice and syrup are used in medicine. Juices and syrups are an integral part of dietary dishes, they serve to correct the taste of medicines. The composition of the syrup includes cherry food extract - 4 g, sugar syrup - 96 g. Cherry berries, juice and syrup are used in medicine. Juices and syrups are an integral part of dietary dishes, they serve to correct the taste of medicines. The composition of the syrup includes cherry food extract - 4 g, sugar syrup - 96 g. Other uses. Cherry fruits are consumed fresh. They are also suitable for various types of processing: obtaining juices, compotes, fruit wine, making jam and jam. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Cherry. Interesting plant facts
Cherry was also known in ancient times. The Slavs even had a god of cherries - Kernis. At that time, they believed that in order to "propitiate" him and get a good harvest, you need to light candles on cherry trees. From the Slavs, this custom was borrowed by the Germans, who, until the beginning of the XNUMXth century, grew flowering cherry trees in tubs for the New Year. A tree covered with flowers, standing in the middle of the room in winter, decorated with toys and lighted candles, had an amazing view. A lot of work had to be done to grow flowering cherry trees in winter, and even in large numbers, so in the XNUMXth century the cherry tree was replaced by a Christmas tree. This is where the custom of putting a decorated Christmas tree in the rooms for the New Year comes from. Author: Verzilin N.
Cherry. Application in cooking
Steppe cherry is found in the steppe zone, Magaleb cherry is common in shelterbelts and near-river plantations. Cherry fruits are rich in fructose and glucose, malic and citric acids. They contain a little tartaric and salicylic acids, a lot of vitamin C and provitamin A. In addition to fruits, wild cherries value "cherry glue" that flows from wounds and hardens in the air - a favorite delicacy of rural children. A surrogate for a tea drink is prepared from cherry leaves, salted vegetables are used. The fruits are dried, juices and extracts are prepared from them, tinctures, liqueurs, preserves, jams, marmalade, compotes, used for filling pies and dumplings. The composition of cherry glue includes a peculiar substance - arabin, as well as pentose and arabinose sugars - 51%, galactose - 27,7%. Glue has high nutritional qualities, in folk medicine it is considered an excellent tool in the treatment of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach. Fresh cherries, together with the seeds, are crushed in a porcelain mortar until a homogeneous mass is obtained. It is placed in a dark, cool place for 2-3 days until it ferments, then filtered through filter paper. The resulting liquid has a slight bitter almond odor and is used as a coolant, for fevers, inflammations, etc. Author: Reva M.L.
Cherry. Useful information
No tree gives people as much trouble as a cherry. From the roots, she immediately begins to shoot new shoots. There are more and more of them. They will plant strawberries nearby, the cherry immediately begins to crowd it with its shoots. Strawberries are barely alive under the cherry. She doesn’t even give berries, her leaves turn yellow. And when berries appear on the cherry, birds fly in from nowhere. Thrushes are ready to harvest the entire crop to the last berry. Gardeners managed to develop frost-resistant varieties of cherries. They can bear fruit even in Siberia. But it was not possible to breed cherries in Siberia. She is too warm. Cherry is also a cherry, only in its fruits there is less acid and more sugar. Siberians still managed to get sweet cherries for their gardens. She is from the Far East. The fruits of this cherry are slightly smaller than those of the usual one. They sit on the branches, as if sewn on. They do not have long tails. Author: Smirnov A.
Cherry. Features of planting and growing
In harvest years, up to 25 kg of fruit can be harvested from one tree. The further north and colder, the lower the yield. There is no immunity to disease. Requires preventive treatments and good care. Cherry trees do not live long. By the age of 15, the tree loses its ability to bear fruit. Cherry fruits contain:
Cherry leaves and its berries contain substances similar to antibiotics. They also contain phytoncides, which delay putrefactive processes. Therefore, cherry leaves have been added since ancient times to preparations, pickles and marinades. Landing time. It is best to plant cherries in areas with frosty winters in the spring. To do this, seedlings acquired in the fall are dug in or stored in the basement, sprinkling the roots with wet sawdust. Cherries should be planted in tandem with a pollinator if there are no already growing cherries of the desired variety nearby. Choice of landing site. The planting area should be well ventilated; the cherry does not tolerate stagnation of cold air. She does not like swampy, cold and acidic soils, lowlands, high groundwater levels. Cherry grows poorly on sandy soils. It suffers from a lack of moisture, but even when irrigated and mineral fertilizers are applied, it grows well, but almost does not bear fruit, the wood is poorly prepared for winter and freezes. The distance between the trees should be at least 3-4 meters. It is desirable to plant cherries separately from other trees. Cherry is a sun-loving plant, it does not tolerate low-lying places. If your site has a slight slope in the direction from west to east, then it is better not to find a place for landing Vladimirskaya. Cherry does not like strong winds, but if you plant it in a completely windproof area of \u1b\u5bthe garden, then a bunch of fungal diseases will not take long. If groundwater passes closer than 2-XNUMX m from the surface, plant cherries on artificial mounds with drainage of the bottom of the planting hole. Site preparation for planting. The site before planting cherries must be dug up, cleaned of larvae of harmful insects and weed roots. When planting in the spring, this is done in the fall. Mark and dig holes for seedlings. The distance between the trees should be at least 4-5 meters. The size of the hole depends on the soil. The more fertile the soil, the smaller the pit and vice versa. In the middle lane on loamy heavy soils, pits are made 1 m in diameter and 70-80 cm deep. Fertile soil can be collected in buckets, and the lower layers can simply be scattered around the site; you do not need to add this soil to the planting pit. The pit is filled with a fertile soil mixture. Prepare it like this. Organic matter is placed at the bottom of the pit. It can be chopped mowed grass, hay, fallen leaves, upside down roots, turf removed when digging a hole, etc. Compact. Pour out 2-3 buckets of humus or well-rotted compost. Add 500-600 g of hardwood ash. The fertile soil collected in buckets is poured from the top layer. Pour out 200-300 g of bone meal. 200-300 g of dolomite flour for soil deoxidation. Lightly mix without touching the organic layer at the bottom of the pit. Water well so that the soil settles. Mulch with a thick layer of peat, rotted sawdust, pine nut husks, etc. Selection of seedlings. You can buy seedlings for planting at a nursery or garden center. Or you can grow it yourself from a seed or root growth of an existing tree of this variety. It should only be taken into account that such seedlings begin to bear fruit 2-3 years later than those grafted. The best results are obtained by propagating cherries with green cuttings. Plants grown in this way have an intact root system, take root better. And the seedlings obtained from the root offspring of such cherries completely repeat the varietal characteristics of the mother tree. When buying seedlings, give preference to annual seedlings, they have a better survival rate. Seedlings are purchased only in proven nurseries or from good friends. 1. The size of seedlings from the root neck to the top of the conductor should be from 80 cm (for an annual plant) to 120 cm (for a two-year-old). 2. The length of the root system is about 20-30 cm, with a large number of fibrous (growing) roots. 3. The diameter of the trunk (stem) - not less than 10-12 mm. 4. The bark of the stem of the seedling should be smooth, uniform light brown in color without greenish blotches. 5. Especially carefully inspect the root neck and the place of inoculation, there should not be cracks, peeling of the bark. You need to purchase seedlings in the nearest nurseries, making sure that they are grown here and that the seedling is guaranteed to match the declared variety. If a tree is dug up before the onset of a dormant period, you need to pay attention to its leaves. They should not show signs of disease. Bark without cracks, spots and signs of gum disease. If there are grayish or brown oval or comma-shaped tubercles on the branches of the seedling, this plant is infected with a scab or false scale. Such pests can destroy not only individual trees, but also huge gardens. In no case should you buy such a seedling. The root system should be branched, fibrous. The roots themselves are not shorter than 30-35 cm, live, light on the cut. They should not have swelling or damage. Planting seedlings. In the spring, as soon as the earth warms up, before the buds open, they start planting seedlings. If they were purchased in the fall and dug in, they are taken out of the dugout or basement. Before planting, the roots of the plants are inspected, cut off the damage. Put in water with the addition of Kornevin or other drugs that stimulate root formation, for 6-12 hours. A stake 1,5 m high is driven into the center of the planting pit. A hole is made for the roots so that the root neck of the tree protrudes 5-7 cm above the soil level. The seedling is placed north of the peg, vertically. Straighten the roots so that their ends do not bend up. Sprinkle with the excavated soil, slightly shaking the seedling to fill the voids under the roots. A hole is formed around the perimeter so that the water does not affect the root neck. Pour 2-3 buckets of water under the tree in several steps. With soft twine, the seedling is tied to the peg with a figure-eight knot so that the bark is not injured on the stake, and the plant does not stagger under the pressure of the wind and does not damage the roots. The trunk circle is mulched with peat, humus, rotted sawdust, husks and other 7-10 cm thick. Cherry care. Particularly careful care is required for the tree for the first 4-5 years, while the root system grows and the crown reaches the size inherent in the variety. At this time, it is especially necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the trunk circle. It can not be pulled up, to allow the growth of weeds. Shallow loosening and mulching is necessary. The root collar must be open. In an adult cherry tree, the near-trunk circle can be sown with white clover. It does not grow above 15 cm, and the roots enrich the soil with nitrogen. Pruning. The first pruning of cherries is done after planting, but very carefully. Cherries can only be pruned in early spring, 3-4 weeks before bud break. It is impossible to shorten the skeletal branches, but only carefully remove the extra ones, cutting them into a ring near the trunk itself. Stumps do not need to be left. Sections are disinfected and covered with garden pitch. You can process with ordinary greenery. The crown should consist of 5-7 branches evenly distributed along the central conductor. The stem is left 30-40 cm, the branches located below are cut out. The central conductor should be 15-20 cm higher than all other branches. With the beginning of the fruiting of cherries, it is necessary to monitor the amount of annual growth of branches, on which the entire crop grows. For a healthy, well-groomed tree, it is 25-40 cm, both flower and sprout buds can be located along the entire length of the growth, the gardener has a choice of crown formation options. If the annual growth is less than 20 cm, then on such a shoot the germ bud is only apical, which means that the bottom of the branch will remain bare and the crop will shift to the periphery of the crown. Therefore, branches with such an increase are shortened above the lateral branching and let the branch grow on it. Sanitary pruning consists in removing crossed, broken, weakened and diseased branches. Taking into account the fact that Vladimirskaya can grow up to 5 m in height, it makes sense to cut the skeletal branches stretching upwards into lateral branches and give the cherry a tent-like shape. In the future, make sure that the growing branches do not thicken the crown. With good growth of at least 40-50 cm, the branches are shortened, transferring to the side branch. Remove inward-growing crowns, damaged, drying, shading other branches. Weak, poorly growing trees are not pruned. An adult standard tree should form about 10 skeletal branches. The root growth is removed, not allowing it to grow strongly, along with the root from which the shoot went. Superficial removal of overgrowth will bring the opposite result. For pruning cherries, you can not use secateurs, which, when cutting, squeeze and injure the branches. Pruning is best done with a sharpened garden knife. Slices immediately clean, disinfect and cover with garden pitch. If the cherry has not been pruned for a long time and many branches need to be removed, then this is not done at the same time, but in 2-3 years. Otherwise, gum disease may appear, the winter hardiness of cherries decreases and it becomes more susceptible to fungal diseases. Bush cherry needs only thinning pruning. Remove branches growing inside the crown, shading others, drying out and damaged. In bush cherries, shoots are not shortened. Normally, an adult tree of this shape has 15 skeletal branches.
Watering. Cherries are watered only a few times per season, but plentifully:
Water is poured into furrows 8-10 cm deep, dug along the perimeter of the crown. Do not pour water into the hole that fills the root neck. Water should only reach the suction roots. The first 2 times are watered with 3-4 buckets per plant, and in October the watering rate is doubled. These figures are applicable to a moderately dry summer, if there is a drought or, conversely, rains are charged, the norms are adjusted. Top dressing. The first year after planting, the cherry does not need fertilizer. Feeding the tree begins from 2-3 years, after entering into fruiting. All top dressings are applied after watering into the furrows dug along the perimeter of the crown. You can do without chemical fertilizers, using only organic matter, furnace ash and bone meal. Filling the planting hole with humus or compost with the addition of phosphate and potash fertilizers, we provided the seedling with nutrition until the fruiting period. Three-four-year-old trees already need to be fed. Cherry is very demanding on nitrogen and potash fertilizers. 1. In the spring, as soon as the snow melts, complex fertilizers are applied in such an amount that the nitrogen-containing components of the cherry receive about 20 g per 1 m2 of the trunk circle. 2. The second spring top dressing is carried out at the stage of swelling of the buds: a tablespoon of ammonium and potassium nitrate is poured into the near-stem circle and the circle is mulched with humus or compost. 3. After harvesting, cherries need phosphate and potash fertilizers. Top dressing should be carried out in August-September. The trunk circle is dug up and superphosphate (150-200 g) and potassium sulfate (60-80 g) are added. In autumn, but a year later, cherries are also fertilized with humus or compost (1-2 buckets per tree). Autumn and spring work on the care of cherries. In autumn, after the leaves have fallen, they carefully dig up the near-trunk circle, embedding old mulch, ash and bone meal into the soil. Under each tree, 2-3 buckets of humus or compost are added as fresh mulch. At the same time, the root neck is not filled up. Trees are sprayed with 3% Bordeaux liquid or a concentrated solution of urea (700 g per 10 l of water). Stamps and skeletal branches are whitewashed with lime with the addition of copper sulfate (such whitewashing is sold in garden stores). You can whiten the trunks with special paint for trees. Such whitewashing is extremely important for the Vladimir cherry, since frost cracks and cracks in the bark should not be allowed. It is not recommended to bleach young trees up to 4-5 years old. Their trunks and branches are wrapped with a special bandage. You can use ribbons made from material from bags of sugar. Such a wrapper will protect the trunk from frost cracks in February - March. Be sure to protect trees from rodents. To do this, the trunks are tied with spruce branches from below, a shelter is made from plastic water bottles, and poisoned baits are laid out. In the spring, fertilizers are applied to the trunk circle, they are dug up shallowly to remove the larvae of harmful insects. Trees are sprayed with 3% Bordeaux liquid, pruned. Severe frosts can cause freezing of the kidneys. To prevent this, a number of preventive measures must be taken in the autumn period. First, remove moss and dry crusts from the bark with a soft brush. Then the skeletal branches are covered with whitewash, it will protect the branches from sunburn during the thaw or severe frosts. To prepare it, mix 100 g of glue and 0 kg of blue vitriol with 5 kg of chalk. When the whitewash dries, fallen branches with foliage are removed under the tree. Be sure to select all the berries to avoid rotting. After such procedures, watering is carried out. The last watering in autumn is very important for cherries. The tree must be saturated with moisture, which will allow it to winter well. After the moisture is completely absorbed, the soil around the trunk is loosened, the necessary fertilizers are applied, and mulch is laid. For mulch, use sawdust, compost, straw, or spruce branches. Mulch will not only protect the root system from frost, but will additionally nourish the tree with useful elements. Spruce branches are laid on top. They will protect the bark and young shoots from small rodents in winter. Young seedlings, especially in the first year after planting, need additional shelter for the winter. Such trees have not yet grown strong; at too low a temperature they can die. After mulching, the cherry is covered with spunbond. Diseases and pests. Even 50 years ago, cherry trees, along with apple trees, grew everywhere in summer cottages and industrial gardens. Now cherry is a rare tree, despite its winter hardiness and ease of propagation and cultivation. The main reason for the disappearance of cherries from industrial fruit growing was the emergence of new fungal diseases. Cherries have no immunity to these diseases. Diseases on it develop rapidly, especially in damp and cool summers. Therefore, so that cherry trees do not get sick, protection and prevention measures must be carried out strictly on schedule. When A.P. Chekhov wrote the play "The Cherry Orchard", only cutting down trees could destroy the cherry orchards, which happened in the play. At the turn of the XNUMXth and XNUMXst centuries, a huge number of cherry plantations were destroyed by moniliosis, and even earlier, in the middle of the XNUMXth century, cocco-mycosis appeared in cherry orchards. Old varieties of cherries turned out to be very susceptible to these fungal diseases. Indeed, microscopic fungal spores spread from tree to tree, the disease can be epidemic, especially in dense plantings. Contributes to the spread of infection and damp weather. Therefore, the treatment of cherries against fungal diseases is mandatory if you want to save your plantings. Destroy and burn all fallen leaves and infected fruits. After leaf fall, treat the trees and the soil under them with a 7% urea solution. On a green cone (at the beginning of bud break), treat with 3% Bordeaux liquid. After flowering, treat with a solution of the drug Skor (1 ampoule per 10 liters of water) or 1% Bordeaux mixture. Repeat the treatment after three weeks. Harvesting. Cherries ripen in early July. Harvesting will stretch over two weeks, but ripe cherries need to be harvested as soon as possible, as they can crumble. Up to 25 kg of fruit can be harvested from one mature tree in a harvest year. The separation of the berries is dry, so at temperatures up to minus 5 degrees in the refrigerator they can be stored for up to 10 days. A prerequisite for storage is that the berries should not be washed or closed tightly before laying. Vladimir cherry also tolerates transportation well. The purpose of cherry fruits is universal. They are consumed fresh, but the famous cherry jam and liqueur are especially delicious. Cherries are frozen, dried, compotes are prepared. Author: Zorina A.
Common cherry (sour cherry, garden cherry), Cerasus vulgaris. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Common cherry (sour cherry, garden cherry), Cerasus vulgaris. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The common cherry, or sour cherry (Cerasus vulgaris), is a fruit tree in the rose family that grows in temperate climates. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing common sour cherries: Cultivation:
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See also Article Cherry. Features of planting and growing
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