Ergonomics. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Ergonomics. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

The problems of maintaining long-term performance can be solved ergonomics - a scientific discipline that studies labor processes in order to optimize tools and working conditions, increase the efficiency of labor activity and preserve the health of workers. Main object of ergonomics is a complex system "man - machine" in which the leading role belongs to man. Ergonomics is closely related to engineering psychology, which considers the requirements for the mental characteristics of a person, manifested during his interaction with technical means.

Ergonomics carries out a systematic approach to labor processes and operates with ergonomic indicators: hygienic, anthropometric, physiological, psychophysiological, aesthetic.

Ergonomic biomechanics based on anthropometric features (such as the size of the body, limbs, head, hands, feet, angle of rotation in the joints, arm reach) gives recommendations on the organization of the workplace, the design of tools and equipment.

The requirements of technical aesthetics are realized with the help of design (artistic design of equipment), its color design, design of graphic media, design of workwear and footwear. At the same time, conditions are created for optimal visual loads, harmony in the emotional content of labor processes, the least injury risk and minimal harmful psychological effects of the labor process are provided.

The modern stage of scientific and technological revolution is characterized byincompleteness of automation and mechanization of labor, in connection with which there are unfavorable working conditions and occupational diseases. For example, it was found that operators of keyboard computers work in an uncomfortable posture, which is characterized by a strong forward inclination of the head (59° from the vertical) and the position of the hands in the air with a lead away from the body at an angle of 87°. This posture causes numerous complaints of operators of constant pain in the back, neck, shoulder girdle, forearm, hand. Muscle fatigue among display operators is associated with forward tilt of the head and upper body, which leads to overstrain of the muscles of the neck, interscapular region, and forearm flexors in 1 hour. An uncomfortable posture leads to additional movements, a change in body position, which accelerates the onset of fatigue and leads to a decrease in the quality of work.

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Random news from the Archive

TPL5110 - Nano Power Management Timer 01.08.2015

Texas Instruments introduced the TPL5110 and TPL5010 ultra-low power timers, which complement the existing TPL5000 and TPL5100 family of timers.

The TPL5110 is a timer with an integrated MOSFET driver designed to control an external switch and turn off the current load in battery-powered devices. With low own consumption, about 35 nA, using the driver built into the TPL5110, it is possible to turn off the load at specified time intervals and significantly reduce the current consumption of the system in sleep mode. Such a solution will be in demand in energy storage devices and wireless sensors, as it allows to relax the requirements for the capacity and dimensions of the batteries used.

The TPL5110 differs from the previously introduced TPL5000 and TPL5100 timers with an extended time interval and a smaller package. The time interval of the timer is set with an accuracy of about 1% using an external resistor in the range from 100 ms to 2 hours.

It is also worth noting the possibility of using the one-shot function, when the timer turns on the MOSFET only for the duration of a single cycle after the supply voltage is applied. The choice between single shot mode and periodic firing is done using an external pin (ONE_SHOT). When using the TPL5110, regardless of the operating mode, it remains possible to control the power switch yourself using the M_DRV pin.

The TPL5110 timer is available in a 23-pin SOT6 package and is designed to operate in the temperature range from -40 to 105°C.

Main characteristics

Supply voltage range: 1,8 to 5,5 V;
Ultra-low self-consumption current: 35 nA;
Programmable time interval: 100ms to 7200s;
Time interval setting accuracy: 1%;
Built-in external MOSFET driver;
Single vibrator mode;
Small package: SOT23-6 (3x3mm);
Possibility of forced inclusion of MOSFET;
Working temperature range: from -40 to 105°С.

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