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History of state and law of Russia. Legal status of Poland within the Russian Empire. Ukrainian autonomy in the XVII-XVIII centuries (the most important)

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45. Legal status of Poland within the Russian Empire. Ukrainian autonomy in the XVII-XVIII centuries

Polish and Lithuanian lands became part of Russia as a result of the third partition of Poland in 1795. Following the results of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, during the period when most of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw was re-annexed to Russia, Alexander I granted Poland, which received the status of a kingdom, a Constitutional Charter. The Russian Emperor became the Polish King at the same time. WITH 1818 BC in Poland, a legislative council began to be elected by the gentry and townspeople The Sejm. It was convened in 1820, and in 1825 the Executive power was concentrated in the hands of the Tsar's viceroy, with the State Council acting as an advisory body.

In Poland, local law was preserved, even the army, budget and other attributes of statehood. For example, Poland, as before, was divided into voivodeships, and not into provinces.

After the Polish uprising 1830 Nicholas I replaced Alexander's Constitutional Charter of 1815.

Organic statute of 1832, resulting in Polish The Seimas was abolished, the voivodeships were transformed into ordinary Russian provinces, and subsequently other elements of Poland’s autonomy were gradually abolished, in 1866 The Kingdom of Poland was finally transformed into the Warsaw General Government, although the All-Russian Emperor retained the name of the Tsar of Poland in his official title.

Ukrainian autonomy in the XVII-XVIII centuries.: in 1654, according to the decision of the Zemsky Sobor, Ukraine was annexed to Russia (primarily Left Bank Ukraine, as well as Kyiv). As part of Russia, Ukraine was given a special status: the Ukrainian system of government, headed by a hetman elected by the military (general) council, and Ukrainian law were preserved. Under the hetman there was a general foreman (Ukrainian government). The territory of Ukraine was divided into military-administrative units - regiments. The regiments were headed by elected colonels.

Before 1663 BC Affairs of the administration of Ukraine were concentrated in the office for Little Russian affairs of the Ambassadorial Prikaz. Issues of foreign policy of Ukraine were subordinated to the Ambassadorial Order, and the armed forces - to the Discharge Order. Since 1663, he began to manage the affairs of Ukraine Little Russian order, which was transformed in 1722 Peter I в Little Russian Board. After liquidation of the Little Russian Collegium in 1727 leadership of the administration of Ukraine passed to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, and from 1750 - to the Senate.

The position of the Ukrainian hetman was abolished by Peter I in 1722, then the position of the Ukrainian hetman was restored and abolished again.

Elizaveta Petrovna restored it in 1750 in order to award it to the brother of her favorite - K. Razumovsky. Catherine II finally abolished the Ukrainian hetmanate, and she also restored the Little Russian (Ukrainian) Collegium.

In addition, Catherine II The Ukrainian system of self-government is liquidated, the post of a Little Russian governor-general is established, as a result of which Ukraine becomes almost an ordinary province of the Russian Empire.

The former Ukrainian law existed until the beginning of the 1842th century. (it was officially abolished by Nicholas I in XNUMX). Under Catherine II, as a result of the divisions of Poland, Western (Right Bank) Ukraine became part of Russia, except for Galicia, which belonged to Austria (Austria-Hungary). The Northern Black Sea region (including Crimea) annexed to Russia began to be called Little Russia.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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