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История государства и права России. Февральская революция 1917 г. Верховные власти март-октябрь 1917 г (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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58. February revolution of 1917 Supreme authorities March-October 1917

The February bourgeois-democratic revolution put an end to the feudal type of state and law in Russia.

November 1, 1916 leader of the constitutional democrats P. I. Milyukov publicly accused the government of stupidity and treason. His speech was the signal for an anti-government upsurge. Grand Dukes Nikolai Mikhailovich and Nikolai Nikolayevich proposed to the tsar the creation of a ministry responsible to the Duma. Zemstvo meetings and congresses demanded the same. The situation got worse.

The first thunderclap was the murder of the royal favorite Grigory Rasputin. However, Nicholas II did not feel the impending thunderstorm. Together with Protopopov, he developed plans for the military suppression of possible unrest in Petrograd.

In January 1917 he appointed prime minister N. D. Golitsyna, which was not recognized even by his colleagues in the ministry.

February 14, 1917 strikes began in the capital, which did not stop; On February 23, a demonstration of XNUMX working women shook Petrograd; February 25 The emperor issued a decree dissolving the State Duma.

February 27 an uprising began in Petrograd and a Provisional Committee of the State Duma was created, on the basis of which the Provisional Government was created on March 1. It was formally responsible to no one, but in fact it had to act under the control of the Provisional Committee, with which it held meetings until May 1917. At the same time, the Petrograd Soviet bound the government with a number of obligations and monitored their fulfillment. These were demands: an immediate and complete amnesty for political, agrarian and religious affairs; exercise of freedom of speech, assembly and other freedoms, including for military personnel; taking immediate steps to convene a Constituent Assembly on the basis of democratic elections; replacing the police with a people's militia with elected leaders subordinate to local self-government; democratic elections of self-government bodies; the abolition of all class, religious and national restrictions. Agreeing with the general democratic demands of the Soviet, the bourgeois leaders from the Provisional Committee of the State Duma abandoned the proposed clause on "refraining from all actions prejudging the form of future government."

Created under the Ministry of Justice Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry to investigate the activities of former ministers. educated new organs: Economic meeting, Legal meeting, Meeting on the reform of local government. Provisional government headed Lviv.

In June 1917, about 390 local delegates sent their delegates to the first All-Russian Congress of Soviets, which elected VTsIK. Elections decided in June Constituent assembly September 17, then November. In August, a State Conference was set up in Moscow, at which a split occurred between moderate and revolutionary groups. The provisional government, which lost its authority after the "Kornilov affair", began to seek support among the socialists. On September 14, a Conference is convened from the chairmen of the soviets, cooperatives, zemstvos and army organizations. Created government oversight body. In October, the elected members of the State Council are dissolved, the State Duma is dissolved. The remnants of the highest organs of the old power disappeared completely.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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