Table of contents (expand)
- Subject, tasks and method of the history of the state and law of Russia
- Domestic school of law. Periodization of the national history of state and law
- The emergence of statehood among the Slavs. Formation of the Old Russian state. Theories of the origin of the ancient Russian state
- Sources of law of the ancient Russian state
- The political system of the ancient Russian state. Territorial structure of Kievan Rus. Legal status of the population of Rus'
- The veche and the prince in the ancient Russian state are the highest authorities. System of government authorities
- General characteristics of Russian Truth
- Litigation on Russian Pravda
- Crime and punishment according to Russian Truth
- Features of the socio-political and legal development of Rus' during the period of feudal fragmentation
- The influence of the Mongol-Tatar invasion on the development of the state and legal system of Rus'
- Prerequisites for the formation of a Russian centralized state. Features of the Russian centralized state
- Social system and legal status of the population during the formation of the centralized Russian state. Development of the process of enslavement of peasants
- The political system during the formation of the Russian centralized state
- Palace and patrimonial management system. Feeding system
- General characteristics of the Pskov Judicial Charter, its system, sources
- Real, liability and inheritance law according to the Pskov Judicial Charter
- Criminal law according to the Pskov Judicial Charter
- Sudebnik 1497 General characteristics
- Sudebnik 1550 General characteristics, system and sources
- Litigation of the Russian centralized state
- The system of letters of commendation of the Great Moscow Prince
- Statutory letters, their content, action in time, circle of persons and territory
- Bodies of the court according to the judges of 1497, 1550
- The system of labial institutions
- Stoglav 1551 Family and marriage law
- Economic and political prerequisites for the formation of an estate-representative monarchy in Russia, its characteristic features
- Bodies of class representation, their competence and relationship with autocratic power
- Mandatory management system and local self-government system during the period of the estate-representative monarchy
- Reforms of Ivan the Terrible
- Causes and stages of enslavement of peasants
- General characteristics of the cathedral code of 1649
- Forms of land tenure according to the cathedral code of 1649
- Public and criminal law according to the conciliar code of 1649
- History of codification in Russia
- Prerequisites for the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia, its features
- Reforms of feudal landownership and estate reforms of Peter the Great
- Letter of commendation to the nobility of 1785 Letter of commendation to the cities of 1785
- The legal status of peasants in Russia during the period of absolute monarchy
- Supreme authorities and administration in the first quarter of the XNUMXth century
- Administrative-territorial structure of Russia and local self-government of the XNUMXth century
- Judicial system and police authorities in the 18th century
- Military reform of Peter I
- Code of punishment for criminal and correctional 1845
- Legal status of Poland within the Russian Empire. Ukrainian autonomy in the XVII-XVIII centuries
- Civil law according to the code of laws of 1833
- Fiscals and prosecutors at the end of the XNUMXth - first half of the XNUMXth centuries
- Prerequisites for the bourgeois reforms of the XNUMXth century
- Peasant reform of 1861
- Zemstvo reform of 1864 City reform of 1870
- Establishment of Judicial Institutions 1864
- The Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864
- The procedure for the formation of the State Duma (1905-1907)
- Manifesto on the improvement of state order October 17, 1905 Basic state laws of 1906
- Judicial reform (organs of the court according to judicial statutes)
- Stolypin agrarian reform
- Russia on the eve and during the First World War. The state apparatus in Russia at this stage of time
- February revolution of 1917 Supreme authorities March-October 1917
- Dual power
- The emergence and development of councils. Establishment of local councils in 1917-1918
- Soviet law enforcement agencies (police, military emergency commissions): their competence and formation
- Legislation on the liquidation of the class system and the legal status of Russian citizens in 1917-1918
- Socialist law: its sources and features
- Declaration of the rights of the peoples of Russia
- Constituent Assembly. III Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies
- General characteristics of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918
- The formation of the armed forces of the RSFSR in 1917-1918
- Soviet judicial system 1917-1918
- Legislation of the period of War Communism and the Civil War
- Legislation on marriage and family in 1917-1918
- Labor Code 1918
- Guidelines for Criminal Law 1919
- National-state structure of the USSR in 1920-1940
- General characteristics of the new economic policy
- Judicial Reform 1922
- Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of May 22, 1922 “On basic private property rights recognized in the RSFSR, protected by its laws and protected by the courts of the RSFSR.” Civil Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1922 Basic principles of the criminal legislation of the USSR and union republics 1924 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1926
- Regulations on state industrial trusts
- Law enforcement agencies during the NEP period
- USSR Constitution 1924
- Credit reform of 1930 Principles of management of agriculture and industry
- Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law in the 1930s
- USSR Constitution 1936
- Features of Soviet law and government during the Great Patriotic War. Family and marriage law according to the decree of the PVS of the USSR of July 8, 1944
- Law on universal conscription of 1939. The Red Army during the Great Patriotic War
- The judicial system and the system of law enforcement agencies according to the "Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics" 1958
- Civil and Criminal Codes of the RSFSR 1964
- USSR Constitution 1977
- The period of formation of the statehood of the Russian Federation (1986-1993)
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 Development of Russia at the present stage
74. General characteristics of the new economic policy
Reasons for the introduction of the NEP: a difficult economic and political situation caused by total nationalization and the policy of surplus appropriation. Peasant unrest increased (late 1920 - early 1921) - the Antonov movement in the Tambov province, the Kronstadt rebellion.
The main essence of the NEP - permission for the free exchange, sale and purchase of agricultural and handicraft products.
The Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the replacement of food and raw material allocation by a tax in kind" dated March 21, 1921 established that the allocation of food, raw materials and fodder was replaced by a tax in kind. Part of the poor was exempted from tax in kind, the middle peasants were taxed moderately, and the kulak farms were taxed at an increased rate.
The procedure for calculating the tax: the amount charged to the taxpayer, the more, the more he produced.
All surplus products, after paying taxes, became the full property of the peasants and could be used by them in any form not prohibited by law (to improve their economy, exchange and trade through cooperation in the market).
In 1924 taxes in kind were replaced by money taxes.
Taxes - the main source of state financing and budget replenishment (1/5).
Tax system (1923): agricultural tax; trade tax; income tax.
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 24, 1921 "On Exchange" legally permitted the free exchange of agricultural products and handicraft small industry, that is, private trade was allowed for citizens and cooperative organizations.
Trade during the NEP allowed free trade. Private capital rushed into trade and intermediary turnover, mainly into retail trade.
In the villages, private trade held 8/10 or 9/10 retail trade. However, the state controlled free trade, for this purpose the People's Commissariat of Trade of the USSR was formed in 1924, which directed the market policy.
Commercial legal entities also appeared (in the form of state trusts). They received separate property from the state on the right of economic management and could independently dispose of their products.
It was allowed to lease industrial enterprises to citizens and their cooperative associations. The terms of the lease agreement in this case were established only by the Soviet state. It was impossible to correct them.
Concession agreements spread, that is, the leasing of economic facilities to foreigners, according to which the concessionaires fulfilled the conditions of the Soviet state (in the field of wages and organization of working hours).
Monetary reform during the NEP: banknotes of the 1924 model appeared, which were provided with gold and commodity mass.
The state ensured the reduction of prices for manufactured goods and the elimination of the price gap.
End of the NEP (late 20s-early 30s) was marked by the establishment of the country's political and economic course towards the curtailment of the NEP, industrialization and collectivization.
Since 1929, command-administrative methods of economics have appeared. The pace (according to five-year plans) of industrial development has increased.
In December 1929, the transition began to a policy of eliminating the kulaks as a class.
Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.
<< Back: National-state structure of the USSR in 1920-1940
>> Forward: Judicial Reform 1922
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ Constitutional law of the Russian Federation. Crib
▪ Labor law of the Russian Federation. Crib
▪ History of medicine. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive Luminous potatoes grown
04.06.2021
Scientists from the Hebrew University, thanks to the tools of genetic engineering, managed to grow a potato that begins to glow if the plant is unwell.
Plants, like people, experience stress due to adverse temperature conditions, lack of water and nutrients.
A team of scientists led by Matanel Hipsch and Shilo Rosenwasser from the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment at the Hebrew University have managed to develop a potato that glows when something is not right for the plant.
Glow was achieved by introducing a gene with a fluorescent protein into the potato culture. The protein changes light depending on the level of free radicals, oxygen-containing molecules, when the plant is stressed. In this case, the fluorescent light signal of the protein will be captured by a special camera.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ A new method of observing the Sun
▪ Unexpected properties of yogurt
▪ VIA Mobile360 Platform for Automotive Security Systems
▪ 8-core processors on ARM big.LITTLE
▪ Xiaomi Bluetooth Key Finder Gadget
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site Alternative energy sources. Article selection
▪ Don Juan article. Popular expression
▪ article How are ropes made? Detailed answer
▪ desert plants article. Tourist tips
▪ article Telemechanics for switching loads by telephone. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Running fruits. Focus Secret
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese