Table of contents (expand)
- Subject, tasks and method of the history of the state and law of Russia
- Domestic school of law. Periodization of the national history of state and law
- The emergence of statehood among the Slavs. Formation of the Old Russian state. Theories of the origin of the ancient Russian state
- Sources of law of the ancient Russian state
- The political system of the ancient Russian state. Territorial structure of Kievan Rus. Legal status of the population of Rus'
- The veche and the prince in the ancient Russian state are the highest authorities. System of government authorities
- General characteristics of Russian Truth
- Litigation on Russian Pravda
- Crime and punishment according to Russian Truth
- Features of the socio-political and legal development of Rus' during the period of feudal fragmentation
- The influence of the Mongol-Tatar invasion on the development of the state and legal system of Rus'
- Prerequisites for the formation of a Russian centralized state. Features of the Russian centralized state
- Social system and legal status of the population during the formation of the centralized Russian state. Development of the process of enslavement of peasants
- The political system during the formation of the Russian centralized state
- Palace and patrimonial management system. Feeding system
- General characteristics of the Pskov Judicial Charter, its system, sources
- Real, liability and inheritance law according to the Pskov Judicial Charter
- Criminal law according to the Pskov Judicial Charter
- Sudebnik 1497 General characteristics
- Sudebnik 1550 General characteristics, system and sources
- Litigation of the Russian centralized state
- The system of letters of commendation of the Great Moscow Prince
- Statutory letters, their content, action in time, circle of persons and territory
- Bodies of the court according to the judges of 1497, 1550
- The system of labial institutions
- Stoglav 1551 Family and marriage law
- Economic and political prerequisites for the formation of an estate-representative monarchy in Russia, its characteristic features
- Bodies of class representation, their competence and relationship with autocratic power
- Mandatory management system and local self-government system during the period of the estate-representative monarchy
- Reforms of Ivan the Terrible
- Causes and stages of enslavement of peasants
- General characteristics of the cathedral code of 1649
- Forms of land tenure according to the cathedral code of 1649
- Public and criminal law according to the conciliar code of 1649
- History of codification in Russia
- Prerequisites for the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia, its features
- Reforms of feudal landownership and estate reforms of Peter the Great
- Letter of commendation to the nobility of 1785 Letter of commendation to the cities of 1785
- The legal status of peasants in Russia during the period of absolute monarchy
- Supreme authorities and administration in the first quarter of the XNUMXth century
- Administrative-territorial structure of Russia and local self-government of the XNUMXth century
- Judicial system and police authorities in the 18th century
- Military reform of Peter I
- Code of punishment for criminal and correctional 1845
- Legal status of Poland within the Russian Empire. Ukrainian autonomy in the XVII-XVIII centuries
- Civil law according to the code of laws of 1833
- Fiscals and prosecutors at the end of the XNUMXth - first half of the XNUMXth centuries
- Prerequisites for the bourgeois reforms of the XNUMXth century
- Peasant reform of 1861
- Zemstvo reform of 1864 City reform of 1870
- Establishment of Judicial Institutions 1864
- The Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864
- The procedure for the formation of the State Duma (1905-1907)
- Manifesto on the improvement of state order October 17, 1905 Basic state laws of 1906
- Judicial reform (organs of the court according to judicial statutes)
- Stolypin agrarian reform
- Russia on the eve and during the First World War. The state apparatus in Russia at this stage of time
- February revolution of 1917 Supreme authorities March-October 1917
- Dual power
- The emergence and development of councils. Establishment of local councils in 1917-1918
- Soviet law enforcement agencies (police, military emergency commissions): their competence and formation
- Legislation on the liquidation of the class system and the legal status of Russian citizens in 1917-1918
- Socialist law: its sources and features
- Declaration of the rights of the peoples of Russia
- Constituent Assembly. III Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies
- General characteristics of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918
- The formation of the armed forces of the RSFSR in 1917-1918
- Soviet judicial system 1917-1918
- Legislation of the period of War Communism and the Civil War
- Legislation on marriage and family in 1917-1918
- Labor Code 1918
- Guidelines for Criminal Law 1919
- National-state structure of the USSR in 1920-1940
- General characteristics of the new economic policy
- Judicial Reform 1922
- Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of May 22, 1922 “On basic private property rights recognized in the RSFSR, protected by its laws and protected by the courts of the RSFSR.” Civil Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1922 Basic principles of the criminal legislation of the USSR and union republics 1924 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1926
- Regulations on state industrial trusts
- Law enforcement agencies during the NEP period
- USSR Constitution 1924
- Credit reform of 1930 Principles of management of agriculture and industry
- Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law in the 1930s
- USSR Constitution 1936
- Features of Soviet law and government during the Great Patriotic War. Family and marriage law according to the decree of the PVS of the USSR of July 8, 1944
- Law on universal conscription of 1939. The Red Army during the Great Patriotic War
- The judicial system and the system of law enforcement agencies according to the "Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics" 1958
- Civil and Criminal Codes of the RSFSR 1964
- USSR Constitution 1977
- The period of formation of the statehood of the Russian Federation (1986-1993)
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 Development of Russia at the present stage
11. The influence of the Mongol-Tatar invasion on the development of the state and legal system of Russia
В 1223 BC The Mongols attacked Russia for the first time on the Kalka River.
В 1237 BC his troops again invaded the lands of Russia through the Volga. This campaign led to the conquest of Russian cities: Ryazan, Moscow, Vladimir.
В 1240 BC the attack continued. Chernigov and Kyiv were destroyed. Russia was conquered, the princes began to pay tribute to the Mongol tribes.
At the end of the XIII century. separated from the empire of Genghis Khan Golden Horde, which existed in the immediate vicinity of Russia until the end of the XIV century.
Features of the statehood of Russia during the Tatar-Mongol yoke:
1) the statehood of the principalities was preserved;
2) the church and the administration of Kievan Rus were preserved;
3) Russia paid taxes.
The collection of taxes was entrusted to one of the princes, who was given the khan's label. The holder of this label bore the title of Grand Duke, had political power and military support from the Horde.
Installed taxes: for farmers - "plow" tax; cities - kutras (capital tax, and later turnover tax).
В end of the 13th century. The tax system has changed. Merchants (tax collectors) were replaced by official collectors. The Russian Church was exempt from paying taxes and conscripting people under its control into the Mongol army. Veliky Novgorod was guaranteed autonomy and the right to free trade.
And with the reign of Khan in the Golden Horde Foot Russian princes received the right to independently collect taxes, the Mongolian tax collectors were recalled.
The Russian princes were vassals of the Khan of the Golden Horde, their actions were monitored by the Khan's representatives. The power of the prince within his principality was sole, each of them himself collected tribute for the khan on the territory of his principality.
Such a system of state power was introduced by the Mongols in all the principalities, with the exception of Kyiv, Pereyaslavl, Podolia, where the Mongols introduced their direct rule.
Khan was the first overlord on the territory of all Russian lands, he solved all legal and financial issues and had the right to announce the mobilization of Russians into the Mongol army.
Judicial system during the period of the Tatar-Mongol yoke in Russia:
1) the highest court that considered the disputes of the Russian princes - the highest court of the Golden Horde;
2) Mongolian courts considered disputes between Russians and Mongols;
3) Russian princes resolved Russian disputes among themselves.
Census The Russian population was carried out by the Mongols independently. Between 1245 and 1274 3 censuses were carried out.
The mobilization of the Russian population was built according to the principles of the formation of the Tatar-Mongolian troops, i.e., according to the decimal system: Russia was divided into "tens", "hundreds", "thousands" and "darkness" (10 thousand), one recruit from 10 men living in the area.
The same division was used to collect taxes.
The Muscovite state took over some features of the administration of the Mongols:
1) the system and procedure for taxation;
2) pit transport service;
3) formation of troops;
4) financial and treasury system.
The Tatar-Mongol yoke weakened the growth and activity of Russian cities, which provided the basis for the development of a single centralized state at the end of the XNUMXth century. An absolute monarchy developed: the power of city assemblies (veche) decreased, and the city militia was disbanded.
Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.
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