80. Constitution of the USSR 1924

Constitution of the USSR 1924 - a consequence of the formation of the USSR.

Union unification plans:

1) Lenin believed that the USSR should be based on confederate principles, the revolution would go to the West, and any state could join the confederation;

2) Stalin is the opposite: it will be easier for the union to resist enemies if the state is unitary.

The 1924 constitution stated the fact of the creation of a new union Soviet state and included 2 sections:

1) Declaration on the formation of the USSR;

2) The Treaty on the Formation of the USSR, signed at first by the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, the Transcaucasian Republic, and later Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan joined it.

Principles of the unification of the Soviet republics into a single state (according to the Declaration):

1) voluntariness;

2) equality;

3) preservation of the sovereignty of the republics and the right of their free exit from the USSR; the right of the republics to their mandatory consent in the event of a change in their territories.

The treaty contained the main provisions of the organization of power and the structure of the USSR, forming 11 chapters: on the subjects of the jurisdiction of the supreme power of the USSR authorities, on the Congress of Soviets, on the Central Executive Committee, on the Supreme Court of the USSR, etc.

The system of supreme authorities under the Treaty:

1) the highest body of power in the USSR - the Congress of Soviets of the USSR (temporary; in the period between its congresses, the highest body of power in the USSR - the Central Executive Committee);

2) The Central Executive Committee of the USSR (formed from the Union Council, elected by the congress from representatives of the republics in proportion to their population, and the Council of Nationalities, formed from representatives of the union and autonomous republics and representatives of autonomous regions; The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee in the period between congresses had the powers of the highest legislative and executive body of the USSR );

3) the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR - the executive and administrative body of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (the Central Executive Committee of the USSR was formed, it included the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, his deputies and 10 people's commissars; in the structure of the Council of People's Commissars, people's commissariats were formed, which carried out direct management of certain branches of government);

4) people's commissariats (5 of them are all-union: foreign affairs, military, maritime, foreign trade, communications, mail and telegraphs; and 5 are united: the Supreme Economic Council, food, labor, finance, RKI).

Subjects of the exclusive jurisdiction of the USSR under the Treaty on the Formation of the USSR:

1) international relations and foreign trade;

2) solution of issues of war and peace;

3) leadership of the armed forces;

4) general management and planning of the economy and budget;

5) development of the fundamentals of legislation for all republics.

Competence of the Union Republics:

1) internal affairs;

2) agriculture;

3) education;

4) justice;

5) social security and healthcare.

There are 2 editions of the declaration and the contract:

1) the USSR is a confederate state;

2) The USSR is a federal state.

The USSR is a federation of sovereign equal republics (formally). (In reality) the USSR is a unitary state centered in Moscow.

Stalin introduced changes to the Treaty on the formation of the USSR:

1) the right to withdraw from the union republics was preserved, but the consent of other republics was no longer required, i.e., the exit mechanism was destroyed;

2) the question of the expansion of the USSR was transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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