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История государства и права России. Возникновение и развитие советов. Установление советов на местах в 1917-1918 гг (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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60. Emergence and development of councils. Establishment of local councils in 1917-1918

During the period of diarchy October 10, 1917 The Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party adopted a resolution on an armed uprising.

12 October under the Petrograd Soviet, the Military Revolutionary Committee (VRC) was formed, which became the main driving force of the October Revolution.

On October 24, 1917, the armed forces of the Bolsheviks captured key positions in St. Petersburg and blockaded the Provisional Government in the Winter Palace. On October 25, 1917, the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets began its work, which proclaimed the establishment of Soviet power. On the night of October 25-26, the Winter Palace was taken, and the Provisional Government was arrested.

Initially, the councils functioned jointly with the Constituent Assembly, but on January 5, 1918, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved.

Councils of workers' deputies were formed mainly in the cities, while councils of peasant deputies were formed in the villages, and councils of soldiers' deputies were formed in military formations. Later, unified councils were formed.

The first Soviets in Russia appeared during the period of the first Russian revolution (1905) in May-June. Initially, they were representative bodies of power for the working class, peasantry and soldiers.

Initially, representatives of the Bolshevik Party, Mensheviks, Socialist-Revolutionaries or Anarchists could enter the councils, later the councils were formed only from representatives of the Bolsheviks.

To support the Soviet government in September 1918, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (Revolutionary Military Council) was formed, which directed the work of all bodies of the military department and military institutions.

The Revolutionary Military Council formed separate local Revolutionary Military Councils.

The establishment of Soviet power on the ground is associated with armed clashes between the Red Army and the White movement during the civil war.

The Civil War (1918-1920) is associated with the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South A. I. Denikina, which in March 1920 introduced the Regulations on the management of the regions occupied by the armed forces of southern Russia.

Along with members of the military command, it established the positions of state controller, head of the civil department (in charge of agriculture, land management, justice and education), head of the department of foreign relations.

During the period of strengthening of Soviet power in the localities, justice was carried out by courts-martial, corps and military-judicial commissions under the heads of garrisons, which met the requirements of wartime.

Such judiciary considered cases taking into account the rules on courts-martial, i.e. justice was not the exclusive competence of the courts.

The second instance for such courts were corps or military district courts.

In most of the territories of Russia remote from the center, Soviet power was established as a result of the capture by the Red Army.

In Siberia, Soviet power was established in 1918-1919. Soviet power was established here, taking into account liberal ideas. Provisional governments were formed in many cities.

In Primorye, Soviet power was established in October 1922.

Crimea also supported the White movement for a long time, but in 1920 Wrangel's troops were defeated here too.

Soviet authorities were established in all regions of Russia. Russia finally became a country of Soviets.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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