69. Legislation of the period of War Communism and Civil War

War Communism period - 1918-1920

Characteristics of War Communism:

1) the nationalization of industry (the largest industrial enterprises completely became the property of the state by the summer of 1918);

2) declaration of state ownership of land;

3) a ban on private trade in bread and other essentials.

Legislation of War Communism:

1) The Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the organization of committees of the rural poor" of 1918 established the organization of new authorities in rural areas, which were engaged in the definition of poor citizens and kulaks;

2) Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of November 21, 1918 "On the organization of the supply of the population with all products and items for personal consumption and household" secured the nationalization of commercial enterprises. The competence of the People's Commissariat of Food included procurement and supply of food and basic necessities of the population;

3) the resolutions of the IV Extraordinary Congress of Soviets (November 1918) regulated the issues of foreign and domestic policy of the state;

4) Decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the introduction of martial law in transport." In addition to the introduction of martial law, the Decree established that the management of industry is carried out by the Supreme Council of National Economy. The decree introduced general labor service for the period of the civil war in industrial enterprises and transport;

5) The Decree "On the Food Tax" (November 1918) finally established the state grain monopoly and the prohibition of private trade. Additions were made to this Decree by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the distribution of grain, bread and fodder" dated January 11, 1919, which introduced the surplus appropriation.

The surplus-appropriation - alienation of surplus grain and fodder accumulated by the peasants into state ownership. In-kind tax benefits were established for persons who handed over the necessary bread according to the distribution, and vice versa: if a person did not fulfill the obligation to distribute, he could be subjected to forcible seizure and confiscation. The apportionment was carried out by the people's commissars and the food commissariat;

6) The regulation of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on socialist land management and on measures for the transition to socialist agriculture of 1919 finally secured the transfer of land to state ownership;

7) Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of October 11, 1920 "On the abolition of certain cash payments" abolished payment for fuel, housing, water, electricity, for the use of mail, telegraph, telephone for the proletariat.

The nationalization of all private industrial enterprises that employ more than 5 people with a mechanical engine, or more than 10 people if there was no engine, was legally fixed.

On December 12, 1919, the Guidelines for Criminal Law were adopted. The consideration of criminal cases was carried out by the people's court and revolutionary tribunals.

Complete electrification of Russia was carried out according to the plan of the Central Committee of the RCPb by the State Commission for Electrification.

In October 1918, according to the plans of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, a reform of school education was carried out. The regulation on the unified Soviet labor school introduced compulsory secondary education in the Soviet state. Education in schools was in the native language and free of charge.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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