73. The national-state structure of the USSR in 1920-1940

the USSR - a federal state that legally took shape in 1923 by signing the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.

The system of the national-state structure of the USSR:

1) the USSR;

2) equal (in the beginning - sovereign) republics.

Discussion of the project of unification of the Soviet republics (1922) was the first stage in the formation of the national-state structure of the USSR. Proposals on the form of government:

1) confederate (V. I. Lenin);

2) unitary (I. V. Stalin).

In August 1922, the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP formed a special commission from among its members to develop a possible form of unification. As such, it was recognized as a federal republic, uniting equal sovereign republics (USSR).

A special commission of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party prepared a draft Treaty on the Formation of the USSR. After a long discussion of the draft, the "Basic Points of the Constitution" were adopted and in November 1922 sent to the republics for discussion.

The second stage in the formation of the national-state structure of the USSR was discussion of the draft Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and its signing. The Congresses of Soviets of the Soviet Republics decided on the formation of the USSR and elected their plenipotentiary delegates to the First Congress of Soviets of the USSR. On December 23-29, the last XNUMXth All-Russian Congress of Soviets took place, which was attended by delegates from the republics of the XNUMXst All-Union Congress. x The All-Russian Congress of Soviets decided to create the USSR and join the RSFSR to it.

On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of Soviets of the USSR opened. He finally decided to unite the Soviet socialist republics in the USSR. The First Congress of Soviets of the USSR approved the Declaration and Treaty on the Formation of the USSR, which later served as the basis for the first Constitution of the USSR in 1924.

The agreement on the creation of the USSR was originally signed by the RSFSR, BSSR, ZSFSR, Ukrainian SSR.

The principle of the federal structure of the USSR: the openness of the Treaty on the creation of the USSR for the entry of new republics.

Subsequent development of the USSR - the third stage of the formation of its national-state structure. Initially, Bukhara and Khorezm were not Soviet republics, therefore they did not become part of the USSR. The Turkestan ASSR was part of the RSFSR as an autonomous republic. In September 1924, the Central Executive Committee of the Turkestan ASSR, V All-Bukhara and V All-Khorezm Kurultai of Soviets divided the republics into the Uzbek SSR (joined the USSR in 1925), the Turkmen SSR (in 1925), the Tajik ASSR (became part of the Ukrainian SSR in 1926 .), Kirghiz ASSR.

In the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the entry of new republics was fixed: Azerbaijan, Armenian and Georgian.

It also transformed the Kazakh and Kyrgyz Republics from autonomous republics of the RSFSR into union ones.

On July 21, 1940, the People's Seimas of Latvia and Lithuania and the State Duma of Estonia proclaimed the establishment of Soviet power in the Baltic states, and by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 7, 1940, the Latvian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR and the Estonian SSR became part of the USSR as equal subjects.

In 1940, the composition of the USSR (16 union republics) was finally formed: RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Belorussian SSR, Uzbek SSR, Turkmen SSR, Tajik SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR, Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Karelian-Finnish SSR , Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Estonian SSR and Moldavian SSR.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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