Table of contents (expand)
- Subject, tasks and method of the history of the state and law of Russia
- Domestic school of law. Periodization of the national history of state and law
- The emergence of statehood among the Slavs. Formation of the Old Russian state. Theories of the origin of the ancient Russian state
- Sources of law of the ancient Russian state
- The political system of the ancient Russian state. Territorial structure of Kievan Rus. Legal status of the population of Rus'
- The veche and the prince in the ancient Russian state are the highest authorities. System of government authorities
- General characteristics of Russian Truth
- Litigation on Russian Pravda
- Crime and punishment according to Russian Truth
- Features of the socio-political and legal development of Rus' during the period of feudal fragmentation
- The influence of the Mongol-Tatar invasion on the development of the state and legal system of Rus'
- Prerequisites for the formation of a Russian centralized state. Features of the Russian centralized state
- Social system and legal status of the population during the formation of the centralized Russian state. Development of the process of enslavement of peasants
- The political system during the formation of the Russian centralized state
- Palace and patrimonial management system. Feeding system
- General characteristics of the Pskov Judicial Charter, its system, sources
- Real, liability and inheritance law according to the Pskov Judicial Charter
- Criminal law according to the Pskov Judicial Charter
- Sudebnik 1497 General characteristics
- Sudebnik 1550 General characteristics, system and sources
- Litigation of the Russian centralized state
- The system of letters of commendation of the Great Moscow Prince
- Statutory letters, their content, action in time, circle of persons and territory
- Bodies of the court according to the judges of 1497, 1550
- The system of labial institutions
- Stoglav 1551 Family and marriage law
- Economic and political prerequisites for the formation of an estate-representative monarchy in Russia, its characteristic features
- Bodies of class representation, their competence and relationship with autocratic power
- Mandatory management system and local self-government system during the period of the estate-representative monarchy
- Reforms of Ivan the Terrible
- Causes and stages of enslavement of peasants
- General characteristics of the cathedral code of 1649
- Forms of land tenure according to the cathedral code of 1649
- Public and criminal law according to the conciliar code of 1649
- History of codification in Russia
- Prerequisites for the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia, its features
- Reforms of feudal landownership and estate reforms of Peter the Great
- Letter of commendation to the nobility of 1785 Letter of commendation to the cities of 1785
- The legal status of peasants in Russia during the period of absolute monarchy
- Supreme authorities and administration in the first quarter of the XNUMXth century
- Administrative-territorial structure of Russia and local self-government of the XNUMXth century
- Judicial system and police authorities in the 18th century
- Military reform of Peter I
- Code of punishment for criminal and correctional 1845
- Legal status of Poland within the Russian Empire. Ukrainian autonomy in the XVII-XVIII centuries
- Civil law according to the code of laws of 1833
- Fiscals and prosecutors at the end of the XNUMXth - first half of the XNUMXth centuries
- Prerequisites for the bourgeois reforms of the XNUMXth century
- Peasant reform of 1861
- Zemstvo reform of 1864 City reform of 1870
- Establishment of Judicial Institutions 1864
- The Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864
- The procedure for the formation of the State Duma (1905-1907)
- Manifesto on the improvement of state order October 17, 1905 Basic state laws of 1906
- Judicial reform (organs of the court according to judicial statutes)
- Stolypin agrarian reform
- Russia on the eve and during the First World War. The state apparatus in Russia at this stage of time
- February revolution of 1917 Supreme authorities March-October 1917
- Dual power
- The emergence and development of councils. Establishment of local councils in 1917-1918
- Soviet law enforcement agencies (police, military emergency commissions): their competence and formation
- Legislation on the liquidation of the class system and the legal status of Russian citizens in 1917-1918
- Socialist law: its sources and features
- Declaration of the rights of the peoples of Russia
- Constituent Assembly. III Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies
- General characteristics of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918
- The formation of the armed forces of the RSFSR in 1917-1918
- Soviet judicial system 1917-1918
- Legislation of the period of War Communism and the Civil War
- Legislation on marriage and family in 1917-1918
- Labor Code 1918
- Guidelines for Criminal Law 1919
- National-state structure of the USSR in 1920-1940
- General characteristics of the new economic policy
- Judicial Reform 1922
- Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of May 22, 1922 “On basic private property rights recognized in the RSFSR, protected by its laws and protected by the courts of the RSFSR.” Civil Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1922 Basic principles of the criminal legislation of the USSR and union republics 1924 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1926
- Regulations on state industrial trusts
- Law enforcement agencies during the NEP period
- USSR Constitution 1924
- Credit reform of 1930 Principles of management of agriculture and industry
- Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law in the 1930s
- USSR Constitution 1936
- Features of Soviet law and government during the Great Patriotic War. Family and marriage law according to the decree of the PVS of the USSR of July 8, 1944
- Law on universal conscription of 1939. The Red Army during the Great Patriotic War
- The judicial system and the system of law enforcement agencies according to the "Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics" 1958
- Civil and Criminal Codes of the RSFSR 1964
- USSR Constitution 1977
- The period of formation of the statehood of the Russian Federation (1986-1993)
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 Development of Russia at the present stage
57. Russia before and during the First World War. The state apparatus in Russia at this stage of time
Main causes of World War I: changes in the economy and politics of the great powers; intensification of the colonial expansion of the great powers; striving for the division and redivision of the world; the desire to create vast imperial possessions.
Russia sought to resolve the issue of the Black Sea straits and Constantinople, to eliminate the danger of establishing German hegemony in Europe, and to reduce its military and political power. On the eve of the First World War, Russia had one of the largest regular armies of the countries that entered the war.
July 19 (August 1), 1914 Russia entered the war on the side of the Entente (England and France) against the Triple Alliance.
The military situation caused the expansion of the competence of governors-general and military authorities in areas declared under martial law. With the introduction of martial law, the administration of the province was concentrated in the hands of the military command. The army commander was endowed with broad powers, including the right to take any measures not provided for by law to protect public order or the success of the war.
The bourgeoisie sought to use the zemstvos and city self-government bodies. In 1914 was created All-Russian Zemstvo Union and All-Russian City Union. Later (in 1915), both unions created Main Committee of the All-Russian Zemstvo and City Unions (Zemgor). In addition, in 1915 were created military industrial committees. Legally, they were public organizations and had the right to bring suits in court and respond to them.
An attempt to strengthen the mobilization of the country's economy was the establishment of Special Conferences, chaired by the Minister of War.
During the war, the State Duma of the fourth convocation, elected in 1912 on the basis of the electoral law of June 3, 1907, continued to operate.
At the meeting July 26, 1914 faction leaders issued an appeal to rally around the king. But the changes in the government's domestic policy that were expected in response to this did not occur. The beginning of the First World War was met with a demonstration of the unity of the majority of the Duma with the government. The difficulties of wartime and the defeat of the Russian army caused a split in this unity. In the summer of 1915, criticism of the actions of the government was voiced and a demand was put forward to create a Government of Public Trust, responsible to the Duma. In response to these demands, there were frequent changes of ministers and prime ministers. In August 1915, the emperor took over the supreme command of the army and moved to the headquarters of the commander-in-chief in Mogilev.
At meetings of members of the State Duma and the State Council, the foundation was laid for the creation of the so-called progressive bloc.
In August 1915 In the Duma, a Progressive Bloc was formed, which included three-quarters of its deputies. The bloc's program required the creation of a Ministry of Public Trust, a series of reforms and a political amnesty, an end to all religious discrimination, the preparation of a law on the autonomy of Poland, etc. During 1916, the legal opposition multiplied attacks against the autocracy. In January 1916, Chairman of the Council of Ministers I.L. Goremykin was replaced by B.V. Shtyurmer, in November Styurmer was replaced by A.F. Trepov, Trenev - by N.D. Golitsyn. The opposition demanded the resignation of this government as well.
Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.
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