81. Credit reform of 1930 Principles of management of agriculture and industry

1930. - the period of the end of the NEP. These years were marked by a radical change in economic policy in the USSR; the policy of collectivization and industrialization was pursued - this became the reason for changes in the state apparatus for managing the national economy.

The main principle of the economy of the USSR is the State Planning Commission.

System of country's economic management bodies.

In 1931, under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, special commission, which was endowed with the rights of the People's Commissariat and was engaged in the development of plans for the next five-year plans.

By a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of January 5, 1932, the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the USSR (VSNKh of the USSR) was transformed into the all-Union People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry.

By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of June 23, 1933, the People's Commissariat of Labor of the USSR was merged with the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions.

Collegiums of people's commissariats were liquidatedwhich were later restored. Under the people's commissariats, special councils were formed in the amount of 40-70 people, their powers included solving current issues of organizations and enterprises (these are temporary bodies).

In connection with the change in the economic policy of the country in 1930-1931 credit reform was carried out.

The essence of credit reform: the role of the State Bank as a credit, settlement, cash and emission center of the country has increased. Practically only he owned the right to lend and receive deposits from the population. Economic bodies and institutions could not carry out mutual lending; this was the exclusive right of the State Bank. His powers included control of the ruble over the economic and financial activities of enterprises and organizations.

В 1930. There has been a general trend towards complete state control over the country's economic sphere. The XVII Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) made a proposal to eliminate the functional management system, which followed in the form of a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR from March 15, 1934

A new production and production-territorial management system was introduced. From that moment on, associations and trusts were prohibited in the economic environment, and the connection between the central economic bodies and the largest subordinate enterprises expanded more and more.

The industry of the USSR expanded, received greater specialization. The management of this sphere was carried out by specially formed new commissariats.

Industry worked within the framework of state plans for general industrialization.

The agrarian sector of the economy has also undergone changes, but a number of general principles of the socialist model of society:

1) ownership of land, subsoil, water and forests could only be state property;

2) the prohibition of all types of transactions with land, except for the "labor lease" of land, that is, for cultivating it with one's own labor;

3) prohibition of the use of hired labor for cultivating the land;

4) types of land use: communal, precinct and friendly.

The policy of collectivization occupied the main place in the country's agrarian economy. Collective farms were formed everywhere. On March 1, 1930, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR approved the first "Exemplary charter of an agricultural artel", which determines the activities of collective farms.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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