История государства и права России. Вече и князь в древнерусском государстве - высшие органы власти. Система государственных органов власти (самое важное)

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История государства и права России. Вече и князь в древнерусском государстве - высшие органы власти. Система государственных органов власти (самое важное)

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6. The veche and the prince in the ancient Russian state are the highest authorities. System of state authorities

The system of state authorities of Kievan Rus:

1) Great Kyiv prince;

2) specific princes;

3) a representative body - a national assembly;

4) an advisory body under the Grand Duke - a council of elders;

5) governors of the Grand Duke in cities, posadniks (his powers included court and reprisal in cities);

6) volostels - representatives of the Grand Duke in the villages (they exercised judicial powers in villages and villages).

Signs of state power in Kievan Rus:

1) it was bestowed by the people;

2) the authorities did not have a formalized structure and a fixed scope of powers;

3) the authorities of all Kievan Rus and its individual principalities differed significantly from each other, the specific princes formed their own authorities, which exercised their power in parallel with the authorities of the Kyiv prince in the corresponding principality;

4) the interaction of the Grand Duke and specific princes was carried out in the order of subordination of all to the Kyiv prince.

The power of the Grand Duke consisted of the autocratic power of the monarch and the support of the people.

Monarchy in Kievan Rus was not absolute and completely hereditary, the people had the right to overthrow the objectionable prince. The main function of both the Grand Duke of Kyiv and the specific princes was to lead the squad and protect the Russian land from invasions.

The prince relied on his own squad. In the event of hostilities, a people's militia was formed.

Military squads could have not only the prince. This right belonged to all major feudal lords. Therefore, the people's militia was convened by the Grand Duke from free armed citizens participating in the veche, as well as from large feudal lords and their own squads. Thus, the armed forces of Kievan Rus were made up of the squad of the Grand Duke and the people's militia.

The prince exercised his power according to the palace-patrimonial principle.

The estate of the prince consisted of:

1) the land inhabited by the people of the prince;

2) the lands of the entire principality with its suburbs.

Palace and patrimonial system of power meant absolute power within the patrimony of the prince, where the people of the prince lived, and limited power in another territory. The prince also had judicial powers. His court was considered the best, unbiased.

Veche - a national assembly that had the power of the highest authority and the authority to resolve the most important state issues: war and peace, the election and overthrow of the prince, etc. value (except for Novgorod and Pskov).

Veche had the highest judicial powers. It was it that not only raised the question of trust in the prince, but also resolved this issue.

The vocation of the prince was formalized by an agreement between the veche and the prince.

The expulsion of the prince was carried out in the form of "vyreda", i.e., the destruction of a previously signed agreement. By decision of the veche, the people could not only expel the prince, but also kill or imprison him.

Veche - institution of democracy. It existed until the Mongol-Tatar invasion.

Veche was an emergency body formed from all free armed citizens of Kievan Rus. A similar institution in some cities was the city meeting. Veche met indefinitely. Decisions at the meeting were made unanimously.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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