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История государства и права России. Дворцово-вотчинная система управления. Система кормления (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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15. Palace and patrimonial management system. Feeding system

Under palace-patrimonial system management refers to the division of government depending on the territory. With this system of government, the governing bodies in the palace were at the same time governing bodies in the state.

The entire territory of specific Russia, and later the Muscovite state (in the XV-XVI centuries) divided into the following territories:

1) the princely palace;

2) boyar patrimony.

Such a system was convenient and developed during the period of feudal fragmentation. She came to replace the decimal system of management, in which thousandths, hundredths, tenths stood out.

The Princely Palace was the center of specific management, the patrimony of the prince. This territory was ruled solely by the prince.

Patronage of the boyars - this is the territory on which the palace (princely) management and economy were entrusted to individual boyars, free servants or serfs.

Princely officials: voevoda, tiuns, firemen, elders, stewards, etc.

An independent system of administrative departments was formed in the princely lands.

The central management of this system was carried out by the boyars, the most important issues of the economy of the princely patrimony were entrusted to the council of the boyars.

Palace management system:

1) the palace - was managed by the butler (courtyard);

2) the department of palace routes (advantages, income); ways: falconer, trapper, equestrian, steward, chalice, etc.

Ways - these are administrative and judicial authorities, they were headed by "good boyars".

The name of the manager of one or another path depended on the name of the path itself. For example, the falconer was in charge of falconers and other attendants of bird hunting, the stableman was in charge of the stables of the Grand Duke, the steward was in charge of side scaffolding, etc.

The appanage of the prince, closest to Moscow, was called the "palace", the butler (viceroy of the Grand Duke of Moscow) was sent there, while the appanage princes were sent to serve in Moscow.

Appointment as Viceroy - "award". The award was often granted to former princes in their native inheritance for up to 3 years.

To help the governor, a circle of closest people was formed - hut. The hut was in charge of court and finance.

The feeding system in local self-government became widespread during the period of the palace and patrimonial system of state administration (until the middle of the XNUMXth century).

Feeding - this is the salary of the Grand Duke for service, the right to use the governor's income in the volost, according to the "mandatory" or "income" list.

Feeding was received by governors in cities or volosts.

Feedings were granted on the basis of charters for feeding. But they were limited by the tax in these charters. Such restrictions were set for each county differentially.

Diplomas for feeding gave the governors the right to govern, judge and feed.

The food consisted of:

1) "entry feed" (at the entrance of the governor for feeding);

2) periodic (at Christmas, Easter, St. Peter's Day);

3) trade duties (from out-of-town merchants);

4) judicial marriage ("brooding forge").

There was a penalty for exceeding the tax.

During the formation of a single state, the power of feeders in the field began to weaken. Statutory letters appeared - Dvinskaya 1397 и Belozerskaya 1488 - who limited the power of feeders to the taxed population.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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