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История государства и права России. Учредительное собрание. III съезд советов рабочих, солдатских и крестьянских депутатов (самое важное)

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65. Constituent Assembly. III Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies

The idea to convene a constituent assembly arose in the minimum program at the Second Congress of the RSDLP.

constituent Assembly - it was supposed to be a representative body of power, so it received the support of all parties. The idea of ​​forming a Constituent Assembly spread especially widely after the February Revolution.

The Constituent Assembly was elected in November 1917 in the first general and nationwide elections. These elections were scheduled by the Provisional Government, but they were already held during the period of the victory of Soviet power, so the Constituent Assembly was not convened immediately after the elections, since the percentage of Bolsheviks in its composition was very small. The Constituent Assembly began its work on January 5, 1918.

Before the beginning of the work of the Constituent Assembly, a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 3, 1918 "On the recognition of all attempts to appropriate the functions of state power as a counter-revolutionary action" appeared. It legislated the power of only one Bolshevik party.

From the moment the Constituent Assembly began its work, Lenin proposed the adoption of a "Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People." This project was rejected by a majority of the Constituent Assembly.

After the rejection of the "Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People" by V. I. Lenin, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved on January 6, 1918.

From that moment on, the functions of the highest legislative body of power were transferred to the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which on January 13, 1918 merged with the III All-Russian Extraordinary Congress of Peasants' Deputies. From that moment on, a single supreme body of power of the Soviets appeared - the All-Russian Congress of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants' Deputies.

The III Congress of Soviets adopted the rejected declaration on January 12, 1918. The declaration finally secured the sole power of the Soviets in the country.

The Russian Republic became a federal one, formed on the basis of the universal equality of all the peoples of Russia. The federal structure of the Soviet state assumed the existence of a single supreme authority and authorities in individual republics.

The Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People consisted of 4 sections:

1) the political and social basis of the state - the republic of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies;

2) the main tasks of the Soviet state and general provisions reflecting the essence of Soviet power were established;

3) the foundations of the country's foreign policy;

4) the foundations of the federal structure.

The III Congress of Soviets decided to prepare the first Constitution of the Soviet state, which was based on the Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People.

Immediately after its official approval at the III Congress of Soviets, the Soviet government began to establish its own principles of organization of state power and economy in the country:

1) the highest organ of power was now the Workers' and Peasants' Government of the Russian Soviet Republic (decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the new name of the existing supreme state power");

2) the nationalization of state wealth was approved: land and its subsoil (Decree "On the socialization of land").

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

<< Back: Declaration of the rights of the peoples of Russia

>> Forward: General characteristics of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918

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