History of state and law of Russia. Constitution of the USSR 1977 (most important)

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History of state and law of Russia. Constitution of the USSR 1977 (most important)

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88. Constitution of the USSR 1977

The drafting of a new Union Constitution began in 1962. The draft was prepared by a special constitutional commission. The final draft was developed by May 1977. A nationwide discussion was held on this draft.

The Constitution of the USSR was adopted at an extraordinary session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR October 7, 1977

Structure of the 1977 Constitution:

1) Section I - "Fundamentals of the social system and politics";

2) Section II - "State and personality";

3) Section III - "Nation-state system";

4) Section IV - "Councils of People's Deputies and the procedure for their election";

5) Section V - "Supreme authorities and management";

6) Section VI - "Fundamentals of building public authorities and administration in the Union republics";

7) Section VII - "Justice, arbitration and prosecutor's supervision";

8) Section VIII - "Coat of arms, flag, anthem and capital";

9) Section IX - "The operation of the Constitution and the procedure for its application."

Features of the Constitution of the USSR in 1977:

1) for the first time approved the final construction of a "developed socialist society" and the creation of a "state of the whole people";

2) the national goal according to the Constitution is the formation of a "classless communist society";

3) for the first time introduced some forms of "direct democracy": a popular discussion of bills and a referendum on the most important issues; civil rights (the right to appeal against the actions of officials, to judicial protection against encroachment on honor and dignity, etc.), but these rights have always been accompanied by duties;

4) the Communist Party was still the official political ideology, it had a "leading and guiding" role;

5) The Constitution proclaimed the principle of democratic centralization of government bodies, i.e., their election at all levels, accountability to the people, their vertical subordination, control of lower bodies by higher ones;

6) the obligation of the bodies of the Soviet state to observe "socialist legality" was established;

7) labor guarantees and guarantees for labor and trade unions were established, for example, the right of collectives to participate in the decision and discussion of public and state affairs.

Constitutional foundations of the USSR:

1) political: the USSR is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of all working classes;

2) economic: socialist ownership (state) of the means of production and land;

3) social: an indestructible alliance of workers, peasants, intelligentsia.

The system of state bodies under the Constitution of 1977:

1) the people are the only source of power;

2) Councils of People's Deputies - a single system of state authorities: the Supreme Council, the Union Council, the Council of Autonomous Republics - the highest authorities (their term of office is 5 years; a presidium was formed as part of the Supreme Council); local councils of people's deputies (their term of office is 2,5 years);

3) the highest executive and administrative body - the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

Competence of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: issues referred by the Constitution to the jurisdiction of the USSR.

Powers of the Council of the Union and the Council of Autonomous Republics: the right of legislative initiative in the Supreme Council.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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