67. The formation of the armed forces of the RSFSR in 1917-1918

Reasons for the creation of the Armed Forces:

1) The Decree on Peace of October 26 (November 8), 1917 announced the need for the withdrawal of Russian troops; The Decree on Peace led to the conclusion of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (according to it, the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine, Crimea went to Germany), which in turn led to the intervention of the Entente countries;

2) the beginning of the Civil War.

The first program for the formation of the army of the Soviet state assumed the absence of an army as such in the country of the Soviets, where eternal peace was to be established. In the event of a threat from the enemies of the proletariat, it was assumed that the masses of the people would immediately mobilize according to their own revolutionary consciousness.

In December 1917, the complete demobilization of servicemen from the army began.

An elective system of command of the Red Army was introduced (Decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the elective beginning and on the organization of power in the army" of December 16, 1917). At the same time, all military personnel were given equal rights and all ranks and ranks of military personnel were abolished.

Soldiers' committees appeared, which exercised control over the military headquarters.

The decrees "On the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" and "On the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet" of 1918 confirmed by law the need to create a new workers' and peasants' army.

The principle of the formation of the Red Army: voluntariness. Later, the Red Army began to be formed on the principle of appointment and unity of command (Decree of April 22, 1918).

Citizens could enter military service if they had recommendations from military committees, party and trade union organizations.

In the system of the Armed Forces of the Soviet state, mutual responsibility was established within the military units.

Only workers and peasants could enter the Red Army, it, like all power structures, was a class one.

The situation changed in April 1918, when a decision was made on universal military service. The beginning of universal conscription was laid by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On universal training in the art of war" of April 22, 1918. And already in May 1918, the Decree "On forced recruitment into the worker-peasant Red Army" was adopted.

Red Army leadership system:

1) military commissars (they exercised control over the commanders of the Red Army and conducted their revolutionary agitation); All-Russian Bureau of the Military (later - the Political Directorate of the Revolutionary Military Council);

2) revolutionary military council (its head is Trotsky).

The Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (Revolutionary Military Council) was formed in 1918.

His competence:

1) management of the work of all bodies of the military department and military institutions;

2) the formation of local revolutionary military councils and the appointment of their commanders.

In connection with the demand for professionals in the army, officers of the tsarist army were now called up for military service. Their activities were controlled and directed by military commissars.

At first, military discipline was supposed to be supported by the revolutionary legal consciousness of military personnel (presumably), in practice, in 1918, a single military uniform was introduced, Red Army books were issued for each soldier (they reflected the features of military service), and finally the first Soviet military charters were introduced.

Authors: Dudkina L.V., Shcherbakova O.V.

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