How are stars studied? Detailed answer

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How are stars studied? Detailed answer

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How are stars studied?

The distance from Earth to the nearest star is four and a half light years. There are approximately six million million miles in a light year - or 6 miles! The question is, if the stars are at such a huge distance from us, how can we determine their size, their composition, and so on? There was a time when the telescope was the only instrument of astronomers. Currently, there are many instruments that allow astronomers to study the movement, brightness, color, temperature and composition of stars. First of all, it is a camera that is used to constantly photograph the observed stars.

Another instrument is the spectrograph, which is used to photograph the spectra of stars or the rays of light emanating from them. With the help of the spectrograph, astronomers have obtained most of the information about the composition of stars, their temperatures and their speeds of movement. The spectrum of one star may resemble that of another. It turned out that the stars of each spectral type have one color. Colors can range from blue to red. Our Sun is the yellow star in the middle of this row. The temperature of a star can also be determined by measuring the colors of the spectrum. Blue stars are large, hot and bright and have temperatures of 25 degrees and above. Red stars are rather cold, with surface temperatures of 000 degrees or less.

To find out the chemical composition of a star, an astronomer compares the spectra of stars with spectra obtained in the laboratory. All the elements found in stars exist on Earth, but stars are mostly balls of very hot gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. Astronomers also use special telescopes that allow them to photograph large areas of the sky.

Radio telescopes are yet another type of instrument. They consist of a very large antenna, a receiver and a recording sensor. This device registers the power of radio emissions from stars and planets. Thus, you see that we can cover great distances and learn quite a lot about the stars with the help of various instruments.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why do we sleep so long?

If we compare the human body with a machine, it is easy to see that the machine has one great advantage: it can work around the clock. A person needs to restore tired organs and tissues of his body at certain intervals: to repair the body and get rid of the waste products accumulated in it during the day. All this is done during sleep.

When a person sleeps, all the functions of his body slow down. The blood pressure drops. Pulse beats become less frequent. Breathing slows down. Even the body temperature drops a little. The process of metabolism during sleep is slower.

So, the body needs sleep primarily to maintain its vital functions. Well, how many hours of sleep does a person need? Although it is strange, but the duration of sleep is a very individual thing. Of course, children need to sleep longer than adults. The older a person gets, the less sleep he needs. The main thing is to sleep enough time and, when you wake up, feel rested and refreshed. Some people claim that four hours of sleep a night is enough for them, but for most this is clearly not enough. There are also such "dormouse" who can sleep for ten or more hours.

The great German philosopher Immanuel Kant was very fond of sleeping, but, knowing the value of time, he could not afford to sleep more than seven hours a day. However, the servant had to force him out of bed, otherwise he would sleep and sleep like a groundhog! By the way, a short nap - sometimes even 15 minutes or half an hour - can sometimes give more rest than a long nap. Of course, if it is a truly deep sleep, when our body really relaxes and all its cells rest.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ Where are the spots on the sun?

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Processor architecture LoongArch 22.04.2021

Loongson introduced its own LoongArch processor architecture and instruction set for it. Moreover, the latest Loongson 12A3 5000nm processor has been released and runs on a new architecture with LoongArch support. Developer Loongson is no longer dependent on the MIPS architecture and licenses that made it possible to produce all previous generations of national processors.

Loongson has been in the process of creating its own architecture and command set for twenty years. It is possible that Loongson began to create its own set of instructions and a new microarchitecture after the disruption of Apple, which brought the owner of MIPS licenses, Imagination Technologies, to the verge of bankruptcy.

Ultimately, MIPS, as part of Wave Computing, abandoned the further development of the architecture and command system of the same name. She switched to RISC, and the Chinese, as it turned out, very timely left MIPS in the direction of their own development. By the way, delays in the production of new Loongson 3A5000 processors are probably related to this. Since last spring, experts have been checking the LoongArch architecture and command system for patent clearance against Chinese and international patents, sources said.

By preliminary assessment, LoongArch does not infringe patents on well-known architectures, including ARM, x86, MIPS, and others. Test systems on 3A5000 processors work fine and show high efficiency when translating commands from popular operating systems into LoongArch commands from systems.

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