How are bricks made? Detailed answer

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How are bricks made? Detailed answer

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How are bricks made?

Did you know that bricks are the oldest building material? They began to be applied 5000 years ago. All bricks are made from clay. Clay is a common mineral, consisting of very small particles of rocks. Some types of clay are formed by the destruction of mountains under the influence of weather conditions. Clay is found everywhere on the surface of the earth, often at the bottom of lakes and rivers.

In its raw form, clay is very plastic and elastic. As it dries, it hardens and becomes very durable. When the clay is heated to very high temperatures (about 450 degrees Celsius), chemical changes occur, after which the clay will never become soft and plastic, even when wetted. This means that fired clay bricks will not soften or lose their shape when placed in a humid environment.

Bricks are fired at a temperature of 870 to 1200 degrees Celsius. At 535 degrees Celsius, the bricks turn red, which darkens with increasing temperature. Brick production has changed little since ancient times. The only difference is that most of the work these days is done by machines.

Clay is mined by excavators. After drying, it is crushed so that the particles become the same size. The clay is mixed with water to form a thick paste, which is forced out through a square-shaped outlet, like a huge tube of toothpaste. This extruded tape is automatically cut into pieces of the right size with knives or wire.

Soft bricks are dried in heated tunnels and sent to the kiln on a railway trolley. Each brick, on average, can withstand a load of up to 350 kilograms per square centimeter without collapsing.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Which bridge is the longest?

This is the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, part of a system of bridges connecting Japan's main island of Honshu with the island of Shikoku. With a span of 1990 m, the structure is the longest bridge in the world. Pylons with a height of 282,8 m consist of two elegant steel towers connected to each other by steel structures.

Unlike European bridges, there are no aerodynamic "pockets". The bridge is designed for wind load: in case of strong wind, it can deviate from the average position by up to 27 m, which gives the bridge additional reliability.

The two longest bridges in Europe are in Scandinavia. Since 1995, a chain of bridges with a total length of 20 km has been built across the Great Belt, connecting the Danish island of Funen with Zealand. The heart of the entire gigantic structure is the East Bridge with a free span of 1624 m and a span height of 65 meters. It is not only the longest, but also the largest suspension bridge in the world. Both traffic lanes for the bridge start at 27m below the sea surface and then rise to 254m.

In June 2000, a tunnel-bridge structure 16,4 km long was put into operation for the passage of vehicles from the Swedish Öresund to Denmark. The complex was built for seven years; its main part is a two-story bridge 7,8 km long, suspended on reinforced steel cables at a height of 203,5 m.

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