Where do the sun spots come from? Detailed answer

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Where do the sun spots come from? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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Where are the spots on the sun?

In 1680, with his telescope, Galileo Galilei became the first person to discover sunspots. Through his tube they looked like black holes in the white disc of the Sun.

Sunspots can be observed on almost any clear day. They vary greatly in size. Some are like tiny dots on the surface of the Sun, while others are quite large. Once, scientists happened to observe a spot almost 150 km long and 000 km wide.

Astronomers have fairly convincing evidence that the origin of these spots is associated with electromagnetic processes occurring on the Sun. It has been proven that they are giant vortices of electrified matter, escaping in pairs from the bowels of the Sun in the form of the Latin letter U.

The electrical energy released when sunspots appear is sent into outer space in the form of beams of negatively charged particles - electrons. Some of them enter the Earth's atmosphere, which leads to various phenomena on it. One such phenomenon is the Northern Lights.

In addition, these electron beams cause radio interference and lead to an increase in the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. Most sunspots disappear within the first few days after their appearance. However, some stay for two months or even longer. They increase and then decrease in number, and these cycles last just over 21 years. Regular observations of them have been conducted since the middle of the last century, and scientists still continue to study them and their impact on our lives.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is nitinol and why is it remarkable?

Nitinol is an alloy of titanium (55 percent) and nickel (45 percent).

The most remarkable property of nitinol is its inherent "memory effect". If products made of nitinol are given a certain shape at a certain temperature, and then this shape is changed, then when they return to the critical temperature, they "remember" and restore the given configuration. In addition, nitinol has high corrosion and erosion resistance.

These properties of nitinol determine the wide prospects for its application in various fields of technology (and not only technology). Nitinol is used to make so-called cava filters used in vascular surgery to prevent pulmonary embolism.

A few years ago, the Italian haute couture firm Corpo Novo created a men's shirt made from a fabric with 5 thin wire of nitinol for every 1 nylon fibers. If you roll up the sleeves of this shirt and heat it, say, to 35 degrees Celsius, and then cool it and lower the sleeves, then when this temperature is reached again, the sleeves will roll up themselves.

In the same way, it is enough to iron this shirt once with an iron, for example, at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and then you can crumple it as you like, but after heating (this time with a hair dryer) to this temperature, all the wrinkles on it will smooth out themselves.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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Puma BeatBot helps runners train 08.05.2016

Puma, with the help of NASA and students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has created a new robot Puma BeatBot, which is designed to help runners in their training.

The robot is equipped with an array of nine infrared sensors, in addition, the Puma BeatBot is equipped with LED lights and two GoPro cameras. He can follow the track next to the athlete, maintaining the set speed.

The Puma BeatBot can match the 44,6 km/h record set by Usain Bolt in 2009.

So far, the novelty is offered only to teams and athletes sponsored by Puma.

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