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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who first discovered that the earth was round? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who first discovered that the earth was round? You don't have to try. Bees were the first to think of this. Over the years of evolution, bees have developed their own intricate language, with the help of which they tell each other the places where the best nectar is located. In this case, the bee uses the sun as a guide. What is most striking is how the bees feel the landmark even on a rainy day and at night, determining the position of the sun on the opposite side of the globe. And this means that the bee is able to learn and store information, despite the fact that its brain is 1,5 million times smaller than ours. The brain of a bee has approximately 950 neurons. There are 100 to 200 billion of them in the human body. Bees have a kind of internal "map" of the movement of the sun all twenty-four hours a day and can quickly adjust it to the surrounding conditions: the decision where to fly is made within five seconds. In addition, bees are much more sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field than any other creature. This ability is used by them for navigation and in the manufacture of honeycombs in hives. If a strong magnet is placed next to a still unfinished hive, the result will be a bizarre cylindrical honeycomb, unlike anything else in nature. The temperature in a bee hive is about the same as that of a human body. The evolution of bees took place 150 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period, at about the same time as flowering plants. The family of honey bees, Apis, appeared no earlier than 25 million years ago. In fact, this is one of the varieties of herbivorous wasp. Bees smell with their antennae. The queen, or queen bee, emits a special hormone called "uterine substance", which suppresses the sexual activity of workers. In order to prepare a teaspoon of honey, twelve bees have to work all their lives. In one flight, the bee overcomes up to 12 km - and so seven times a day. To collect a pound of honey, a bee would have to fly about 75 thousand kilometers, that is, go around the Earth almost twice. Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson
What animal became the first astronaut? Drosophila fruit fly. In July 1946, tiny astronauts were "loaded" into an American V2 rocket along with a handful of corn seeds and sent into space. Drosophila were exposed to radiation at high altitudes. Drosophila flies are favorites of scientific laboratories. Three-quarters of known human disease genes have a match in their genetic code. Just like us, fruit flies sleep at night, respond to general anesthesia and, most importantly, reproduce very quickly. In two weeks, you can get a whole new generation of fruit flies. According to the scientific definition, space begins at an altitude of 100 km. After fruit flies, we sent moss there first, then a monkey. The first ape in space was named Albert II. In 1949, the primate astronaut reached an altitude of 134 km. His predecessor, Albert I, died of asphyxiation a year earlier, never having crossed the 100 km barrier. Unfortunately, Albert II also died: during landing, the parachute on his capsule did not open. It wasn't until 1951 that the monkey did manage to return from space safe and sound - this time it was Albert VI and his eleven mouse companions (although he still died two years later). Generally speaking, the ape space pioneers weren't particularly long-lived. The only exception is a saimiri squirrel monkey named Baker, who survived his space odyssey by twenty-five years. Unlike the Americans, the Russians preferred dogs. In 1957, they launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 2, into orbit, carrying a husky dog named Laika. During the flight, Laika died from heat stress. At least ten more dogs were launched into space before the first man, Yuri Gagarin, went there in 1961. In 1968, the Russians sent an animal into deep space. It was a turtle that became the first living creature to circle the moon (as well as the fastest turtle in the world). Other living creatures that have been in space have included chimpanzees (and all returned alive), guinea pigs, frogs, rats, cats, wasps, beetles, spiders, and the extremely tenacious fundulus fish. The first Japanese animals in space in 1985 were ten newts. The only survivors of the 2003 space shuttle Columbia crash were several nematode roundworms found in the wreckage of the ship's laboratory.
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