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Beginner radio mechanic. HAM Tips
You decided to repair the equipment and earn a piece of bread for yourself. Think well - repair is a difficult and thankless task. You will earn money for bread, and maybe even with butter over time, but definitely not for caviar. This is not the business. Well, we'll fix it well. The first thing you can't do without is a soldering iron. We choose a 25-watt soldering iron - we will repair electronics. Although in the future, you may also need 40, 75 and 100 watts - you will get it as the need arises. Each soldering iron has its own task - and from this we proceed. Yes, soldering irons with a step-down transformer are very good - that's what I recommend. It is advisable to pick up with a replaceable sting - in my practice, you grind off the sting faster, forming a flat area than the winding burns out. Next, you need a tester. Any string will do. Although a digital tester like 890 with a large indicator is better. The advantages are as follows - it is possible to measure resistors without soldering them from the board, there is a capacitance measurement mode and a semiconductor junction measurement mode - all other functions are the same as those of a circuit. And it's easier to read the information. Next in line is the oscilloscope. Almost any single beam will do. Expensive, but trust me, it will pay off. I catch half of the damage with them, and a serious repair of caller IDs, frame and horizontal TVs, and VCRs is simply impossible. Well, I don’t mention such things as ducks, screwdrivers, side cutters, etc. - this goes without saying. In the future, you will add various tricky devices to your tool bag as needed. For accurate soldering of microcircuits, a 0.8 mm medical needle with a sharpened tip is needed. You push it onto the leg, heat it with a soldering iron, while turning the needle, and here is a clean track and a neatly soldered output of the microcircuit. Solder the following output. This technology is good for single-sided mounting. For double-sided, I use Chinese suction - but here it is necessary to warm up the place of soldering well and often clean the fluoroplastic tip, achieving the correct shape, which does not contribute to the durability of the suction itself. Now about spare parts. Along with buying at the bazaar and ordering with an opportunity in the markets of other cities, I advise you to buy faulty equipment from friends and try to buy back from customers that which cannot be repaired. Why try - yes, because rarely anyone agrees - but you will repair the phone or there is a tape recorder and you will use it or you specifically want to lure out my Mayak or there Electron - this is for you his device a source of spare parts, but for him it is one and only, almost a member of the family - the psychology of the client deserves a separate description. There is another option when they offer two or three devices and make one of them, and keep the rest. As for the diagrams, I copy them from magazines, buy reference books, get them on the Internet, etc. But the first and constant source is the equipment itself. So in the same AONs, circuitry is roughly divided into the following: based on Z80, based on 8051 type processors and on PIC processors. I took an oscilloscope and took and sketched oscillograms from my work phone. When AON with complex damage got into repair, I compared the waveforms and this often helped. I arrange the schemes into folders - TV video, computers, telephones, help (here are separate microcircuits and transistors) and so on. As folders swell, I divide them into smaller topics. In general, you still won’t find all the schemes - therefore, you need to be creative in the repair process. In general, I do this - I rewrite microcircuits. Then I look for their description in reference books. I find at least one. I draw a table for it and write down the readings of the voltmeter or / and oscillograms after turning on the power. Then I change the mode of the device - let's say we press the key to occupy the base with the handset of the radiotelephone. And I measure again. When all measurements are made, it is possible to analyze whether the signal passed or not, where there is no reaction to pressing the key and why. The passage of signals between microcircuits can be traced on the circuit board. Thus, it is possible to localize the place of damage - and there it is already possible to more accurately and specifically view and check the suspicious area. I advise you to start a common notebook and write down what and how is repaired. When equipment with similar damage arrives, it will be useful to read. And in general, analyze the progress of the search for some tricky damage. You can eliminate unnecessary operations and admire your own genius. Further. What to repair. Usually in small towns it is difficult to specialize in one type of equipment and even more so in one company. Everything that is brought in has to be repaired. While no one knows you here, the main thing is to make a name - that there is such a Vasya Pupkin who repairs radio equipment. Now they will carry equipment to you from your street or from your apartment building. They will call you at home or bring you to you - try to satisfy the owner's curiosity and explain what and why you are doing this. The owner of the equipment still will not repeat what you are doing. And you can kill several birds with one stone. Firstly, you will compare favorably with competitors who, for the most part, are trying to look like such shamans from top-level electronics and arrogantly keep the exaggerated secrets of their workshop. Why puffy. The layman firmly believes that repairing or decoding his car radio there is no more difficult than changing the oil in his own car. Try to enlighten the person. The second is that in our time of universal falsehood and fakes, you will be a small island of truth. Believe that this is very, very much, especially if the theory is confirmed by practice. Well, I started about the repair, but still moved on to psychology. PS. And, I quite understand the repairman who demanded money for information. I don't approve, but I understand. Information has always cost money - if there is no time to read magazines, manuals and study and draw a montage, as in this case, then you have to pay someone who finds time for this. How much it costs is another question. Author: Vladimir
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