How did the civil service originate? Detailed answer

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

How did the civil service originate? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Did you know?

How did the civil service originate?

When people talk about government, they usually mean politicians who sit in the House of Commons. Some of them head various government departments. However, behind these statesmen stands a whole army of citizens, without whose support the entire administrative structure of the country would work in vain. In White Hall and all other institutions of the country, officials of various ranks are part of the government machine.

In ancient times, soldiers were almost the only people in the service of the government. Often the government was the monarch himself, who gave certain power to a limited circle of people from the privileged strata of society. The number of people working in the government increased. There were new types of work that could be performed by specially trained people.

Government officials who worked outside the military were referred to as civil servants. Employment in state institutions is carried out after a competitive examination. Availability information is regularly published in national and local newspapers.

You will probably be surprised to learn that postmen, National Gallery and Customs officials, jailers and bailiffs, patent examiners, industrial inspectors, and the Prime Minister's private secretaries are all officials in an extensive system called the civil service. And it is obvious that, as the state civil service grows, so does its strength.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is the most common mode of transport in France?

The most common form of transport in France is the elevator.

French elevators carry at least 60 million passengers a day. Meanwhile, 65 percent of the lifts are over 20 years old, and some have been operating since the 2000th century. About 200 elevator accidents are registered annually, of which about XNUMX have serious consequences and even victims.

It is believed that the first elevator was installed in 1743 in the palace of Louis XV in Versailles, so that the 33-year-old king could, without straining, climb to his mistress's apartment, located on the floor above. However, in ancient sources there are references to earlier passenger lifting machines - in the monastery of St. Catherine (VI century, on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt) and even in Ancient Rome (I century BC).

The hydraulic lift was invented in France and first shown at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1867 (later installed on the Eiffel Tower). The first electric passenger elevator was made in Germany in 1880.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ What is the size and age of the largest meteorite crater on the Earth's surface?

▪ In which country were children forced to pretend to be grazing sheep?

▪ Why was the synthetic material nylon given such a name?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Freescale starts selling MRAM chips 28.08.2006

Freescale Semiconductor announced the start of sales of magnetoresistive MRAM microchips. MRAM (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory) combines the advantages of dynamic and flash memory. MRAM chips have a short access time and at the same time are non-volatile, that is, they can store information in the absence of power.

In addition, unlike flash memory, MRAM chips do not degrade over time. Many companies are involved in research in the field of magnetoresistive memory. For example, in February this year, NEC and Toshiba demonstrated an MRAM microchip with a record read/write speed of 200 Mb/s. However, Freescale Semiconductor was the first to bring MRAM chips to the market.

Chips Freescale received the designation MR2A16A. They have a capacity of 4 Mbit and operate at a supply voltage of 3,3 V. The chips are manufactured at a facility in Arizona. Freescale notes that MRAM research has taken about a decade, with more than a hundred patents filed.

Due to its versatility, MRAM memory can be used in a wide variety of computer and consumer devices. It can replace the RAM in a PC, as well as the now widespread flash memory in digital cameras, players and handhelds.

According to the Associated Press, citing statements by representatives of Freescale, the company already has customers, but their names were not disclosed. By the way, Freescale itself does not intend to mass-produce MRAM chips in the future and is going to license the technology to third-party manufacturers.

Other interesting news:

▪ External 2TB HDD Buffalo HD-PCFU3-C

▪ Human powered bioelectronics

▪ Found a reliable way to transfer energy without wires

▪ AVR-DВ microcontrollers with three operational amplifiers

▪ Personal air conditioner

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Infrared technology. Article selection

▪ article Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich. Famous aphorisms

▪ article Why is the earth hot inside? Detailed answer

▪ article Shepherd's purse ordinary. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Interval timer on the PIC16F684 microcontroller. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Water hammer. physical experiment

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews