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Human powered bioelectronics

07.10.2021

Scientists at UCLA have created a soft and flexible self-powered bioelectronic device. The flexible device can obtain the energy necessary for operation from the movements of the human body, for example, when bending the elbow or wrist.

The researchers found that the magnetoelastic effect, which creates a charge when small magnets are shifted under mechanical pressure, occurs in a soft and flexible system, not just in a rigid system.

The team created the concept device using microscopic magnets in a paper-thin silicone matrix. The magnetic field changes in strength as the matrix moves, generating electricity. The researchers believe their device could be used to power a range of wearable and implantable electronic sensors for health monitoring.

One of the unique aspects of the technology is that it is based on magnetism rather than electricity, so moisture and sweat won't harm its effectiveness. The team created a flexible device that was attached to a study participant's elbow with silicone tape.

The researchers found that the magnetoelastic effect is four times greater than that of any similarly sized rigid system. The test system was capable of generating 4,27 milliamps per square centimeter. The device created by the researchers was so sensitive that it could generate energy from human pulse waves.

This would theoretically make it possible to create a self-powered waterproof heart rate monitor and many other interesting devices.

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Periodic vibrations of an unknown nature found inside neutrons 14.11.2021

Scientists working with China's BEC-II particle accelerator have found evidence that periodic oscillations of an unknown nature exist within neutrons.

The measurements showed that the electromagnetic structure of the neutron changes in a periodic manner. Something similar was previously recorded for protons. Subsequent experiments and theoretical calculations will help us understand how these oscillations arise and what role they play in the structure of nucleons.

Almost all elementary particles are made up of small objects that physicists call quarks and gluons. There are three quarks in protons, neutrons and other "heavy" baryon particles. Their smaller "brothers" - mesons - consist of two similar components, one of which is an antiquark, the basic component of antimatter.

Scientists have long been trying to understand how quarks are distributed inside protons, neutrons and other particles, as well as to study how they interact with each other and with the "sea" of virtual quarks, continuously appearing and disappearing at any point in space. All of these interactions, as scientists suggest, affect the structure of particles, their size, mass and other properties, the results of measurements of which sometimes do not coincide with theoretical predictions.

Physicists led by Professor Yuan Changzheng of the Institute of High Energy Physics (China) discovered an unusual property of neutrons while studying their structure at the BEC-II particle accelerator. Scientists collided beams of electrons and positrons and observed the formation of pairs of neutrons and antineutrons, which periodically arise as a result of the interaction of particles of matter and antimatter. The speed, energy and direction of motion of the neutrons and antineutrons generated by them depend on their internal structure, which was used by physicists for ultra-precise measurements of the distribution of quarks inside these particles.

The researchers have been observing collisions of electrons and positrons for several years, which allowed them to improve the accuracy of measurements of the structure of neutrons by about 60 times compared to previous experiments. The improvement in the quality of the data has revealed a curious phenomenon that physicists have already encountered several years ago when studying the structure of protons.

Back in 2013, scientists working with the BaBar installation discovered evidence that there are some fluctuations inside protons that affect the nature of the charge distribution inside it. The exact nature of this phenomenon is still a mystery to physicists, since the existence of these oscillations is not predicted by any theory describing the interactions of quarks.

Something similar, as Yuan Changzheng and his colleagues found out, occurs inside neutrons, and the oscillations inside them turned out to be opposite in phase compared to their counterpart inside protons. As the scientists hope, subsequent experiments on BES-II and other particle accelerators will help to reveal the nature of these oscillations and understand what role they can play in the behavior of neutrons and protons.

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