Innovation management. Formation of the scientific concept of innovation management (the most important)

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Innovation management. Formation of the scientific concept of innovation management (the most important)

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8. FORMATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

The concept of "innovation" arose at the very beginning of the 40th century; this was the beginning of the study of innovative processes by N. D. Kondratiev. It was he who formulated the concept of large cycles ("long waves") for a period of 60 to XNUMX years, the source of which is any radical innovation, they are a group of secondary innovations subject to improvement. He described the empirical patterns that accompany fluctuations and uneven distribution of innovations in space and time.

J. Schumpeter, based on the conclusions of A. Aftalion, M. Lenoir, M. Tugan-Baranovsky, V. Pareto, who discovered the existence of short and medium waves, and Kondratiev, formulated the theory of innovation. He defined the role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, i.e., the entrepreneur links invention and innovation. According to J. Schumpeter, technical innovation is an economic means for obtaining high profits.

The Russian economist S. Yu. Glazyev introduced the concept of a technological order, consisting of a core, a key factor, an organizational and economic mechanism, which implies groups of technological bases interconnected by the same type of technological chains. They identified five technological modes with a life cycle in three phases and a period of 100 years.

1st phase - the emergence of the previous order in the economy.

2nd phase - the predominance of the new way of life.

3rd phase - the elimination of the previous way of life and the emergence of another.

Between the 1st and 2nd phases - a period of monopoly.

Innovations have a wave-like development, this is taken into account when developing and choosing an innovative strategy.

G. Mensch, H. Freeman, J. Van Dein, A. Kleinknecht introduced the current typology of innovations, dividing them into product and process based on the unevenness of innovation activity. H. Freeman defined the category of a new technological system as a complex of innovations and technological revolution.

G. Mensch found out that the composition of the long wave includes two "crests" - an invention and an innovation.

In our time, the length of the cycle is reduced to 35-40 years due to scientific and technological progress.

In the works of Russian economists P. N. Zavlin, A. K. Kazantsev, N. F. Puzyn, V. G. Medynsky, Yu. development of innovations and management.

Studying the experience of countries with developed market economies, one should not forget that Russia has its own history of economic development, which determines the distinctive features of the innovation management system.

Authors: Evgrafova I.Yu., Krasnikova E.O.

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