Innovation management. Essence, classification and types of risks (the most important)

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Innovation management. Essence, classification and types of risks (the most important)

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22. NATURE, CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF RISKS

By risk they mean the real possibility of some negative event occurring, which entails losses (such as: physical injury, loss of property, income below the expected level, etc.).

Risk is an activity that is directly related to overcoming ambiguity in a situation of mandatory choice. In the process of activity, it is possible to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the probability of achieving the intended result, failure and deviation from the goal. The concept of "risk" includes the following elements, the relationship of which constitutes the essence of risk: the possibility of deviation from the intended goal, for which the chosen alternative was carried out; the probability of obtaining the predicted result; there is no certainty that the intended goal will be achieved; the possibility of material, moral and other losses that are associated with the implementation of the alternative chosen under conditions of uncertainty. In the process of activity, one has to deal with a combination of various types of risk. They differ from each other in the place and time of occurrence, the totality of external and internal factors affecting their level and, consequently, in the way they are analyzed and described.

All types of risks are interconnected, a change in any of them necessarily leads to a change in most of the other risks.

Risk classification is a combination of many risks into a system based on some signs and criteria. It allows you to combine a subset of risks into more general concepts. Risks are classified according to:

1) by the time of occurrence - retrospective, current and prospective risks;

2) by factors of occurrence - political and economic risks;

3) by the nature of accounting - external and internal risks;

4) by the nature of the consequences - pure and speculative risks;

5) by area of origin - industrial, commercial, financial and insurance;

6) for production activities - organizational, market, credit, legal;

7) according to the consequences - permissible, critical, catastrophic.

There are also a number of types and classifications of risks depending on the specifics of the company's activities.

Innovation risk is characterized by the probability of losses arising from investing in the production of new goods and services that may not find the expected demand in the market.

Innovation risks arise:

1) when creating a cheaper method of producing a product or service compared to those already in use;

2) when introducing a new product or service on old equipment;

3) in the production of a new product or service using new equipment and technology.

Authors: Evgrafova I.Yu., Krasnikova E.O.

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