Innovation management. Primary and secondary issues of securities (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Innovation management. Primary and secondary issues of securities (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

43. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES

The issue of securities - the production and one-time issuance of significant series of shares, bonds and other securities - is carried out by state and local authorities, joint-stock companies and any other issuers to activate monetary resources.

Issue - a sequence of actions of the issuer for the issuance and placement of securities. The circulation of securities is carried out by concluding civil law transactions, by transferring the ownership of these securities. Securities can be:

1) registered and bearer;

2) documentary and electronic (non-documentary form).

The issue of securities includes the following stages:

1) making a decision on the placement of issue-grade securities;

2) approval of the decision to issue equity securities;

3) state registration of the issue of issue-grade securities;

4) placement of securities;

5) submission to the registering body of a report on the results of the issue of emissive securities.

The holders of securities are individuals and legal entities that finance the issuer by purchasing securities. When buying securities, they accordingly expect to receive a certain income (dividend) in the future.

An intermediary between the issuer and the holder is an investment company or an investment bank that organizes the issue and acts as guarantors in the sale of securities.

The initial stage of the issue of securities is the stage of preparation for its implementation. It includes:

1) market research;

2) determination of the size of the issue of securities, methods of placement;

3) printing forms. The next stage - securities are transferred from the issuer to the first holder. Such a placement process is carried out either among a certain number of buyers, or by public subscription and auctions, or by means of a consortium of banks, and sometimes through a stock exchange.

The primary securities market includes the issue of securities, placement with the first holders.

Further stage - securities are transferred to the secondary market, where previously issued securities can be resold.

Promotion Features

First, when shares are placed, the price is determined by the issuer, and the par value is reflected on the security itself. However, the sale price of a share may differ from it up or down, but in any case, the entire series of shares must be sold at the same price. The issue rate (primary price) is taken into account by the secondary market.

Secondly, the company issuing shares is obliged to fully inform about its economic and financial situation.

Authors: Evgrafova I.Yu., Krasnikova E.O.

<< Back: External sources of financing innovation activities

>> Forward: The concept of innovation efficiency

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ World economy. Lecture notes

▪ Banking. Crib

▪ Endocrinology. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Budget Smartphone Coolpad Cool 20s 17.06.2022

A new inexpensive smartphone Coolpad Cool 20s has entered the market.

The novelty is equipped with a 6,58-inch LCD screen with a waterdrop notch for an 8-megapixel front camera, Full HD + resolution and an image refresh rate of 90 Hz.

The smartphone received a main camera with a 50-megapixel main sensor with f / 1,8 aperture and a 2-megapixel macro camera, a Dimensity 700 chip, 4/6/8 GB of RAM, 128 GB of flash memory, a 4500 mAh battery with support for fast charging power of 18 watts.

The Coolpad Cool 20s is pre-installed with Android 11 operating system, on top of which the Cool OS 2.0 shell is installed. It has dual SIM slots, 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5.0, GPS, USB-C, dual stereo speakers, a 3,5mm audio jack, and a side-mounted fingerprint scanner.

The Coolpad Cool 20s is available in Firefly Black, Moon Shadow White, and Azure Blue for about $148.

Other interesting news:

▪ Production of lasers by printing

▪ bipedal monkeys

▪ Ricoh AM S3P 5500D printer

▪ Fare payment by phone

▪ Thermoelectric generator using human heat

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Intercoms. Article selection

▪ article Criminal law. General and Special part. Crib

▪ How far does space extend? Detailed answer

▪ article Spanish golden root. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Imported radioelements. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article The map is nailed to the wall. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews