Innovation management. Innovation classifications (most important)

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Innovation management. Innovation classifications (most important)

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4. CLASSIFICATIONS OF INNOVATIONS

There are several opinions about the signs on the basis of which innovations are classified. Let's consider some of them.

Russian researcher Yu. V. Yakovets proposed the following classification of innovations:

1) basic innovations - they implement the largest inventions and become the basis for cardinal revolutions in technology, its new directions and industries are being formed;

2) improving innovations - provide for the implementation of medium-level inventions and serve as the basis for creating new models to replace the old with a new one, or expand the scope of its application;

3) micro-innovations - improve some production or consumer characteristics of produced models of equipment and applied technologies based on the use of small inventions, thereby contributing to a more efficient production of these models or an increase in the efficiency of their use;

4) pseudo-innovations - aimed at modernizing models of machines and technologies that represent yesterday's technology. It is possible to present the classification of innovations according to the following criteria:

1) by application areas: managerial, social, industrial, organizational, etc.;

2) by stages of scientific and technical progress, which resulted in innovation: technical, technological, scientific, design, production and information;

3) by the pace of implementation: fast, slow, fading, growing, uniform, spasmodic;

4) according to the degree of intensity: uniform, weak, massive;

5) by scale: transcontinental, transnational, regional, large, medium, small;

6) by performance: high, low, medium;

7) in terms of efficiency: economic, environmental, social, integral.

V. V. Gorshkov and E. A. Kretova use two features as the basis for the classification scheme of innovations: structural characteristics and target changes.

In terms of structural characteristics, innovations are divided into 3 groups:

1) innovation at the "entrance" to the enterprise;

2) innovation at the "exit" of the enterprise;

3) innovation of the structure of the enterprise as a system that includes individual elements and the relationship between them.

According to the target change, innovations are divided into technological, industrial, economic, trade, social and management innovations.

Considering various approaches to the classification of innovations, it is necessary to take into account that the generalization and systematization of classification features and the creation on this basis of a scientifically based classification of innovations are of considerable practical importance, since they have the potential ability to give a detailed idea of the characteristics of a progressive innovation. And this, in turn, is necessary for the implementation of real, tangible support from state bodies for the introduction of innovations at the country's enterprises.

Authors: Evgrafova I.Yu., Krasnikova E.O.

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