Innovation management. The essence of technopolises and their types (the most important)

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Innovation management. The essence of technopolises and their types (the most important)

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46. ESSENCE OF TECHNOPOLISES AND THEIR TYPES

Technopolis (technopolise: from Greek techne - "skill" and polis: from Italian "city-state") is a kind of free economic zone; is a single research and production and educational, as well as residential and cultural and community area, united around the scientific center and providing a continuous innovation cycle based on scientific research.

Technopolis is:

1) a form of regional development, the creation of structures aimed at organizing the interaction of business, universities and local authorities for the implementation of scientific projects;

2) a scientific project that includes the development of industrial cities through the creation of a "soft" infrastructure in them, consisting of qualified personnel, innovations, information support, capital invested in unexplored areas, communication networks.

Depending on the nature and scope of the functions performed, the following types of technopolises are distinguished:

1) innovation centers - provide assistance mainly to new firms associated with high technologies, thereby stimulating their development and the creation of new firms;

2) scientific or research parks - serve both new and well-established firms, introduce new technologies, maintain close ties with research institutes;

3) technology parks - optimally organized scientific and industrial zones in which cooperation and exchange take place

ideas between enterprises and scientific organizations in order to use innovations and further effective development of the region;

4) technology centers - service companies that are created for the more efficient development of new high-tech firms;

5) conglomerates of technocomplexes and science parks - aimed at uniting innovative firms and transforming regions into high-tech zones. Technopolises are research and production complexes. They fully implement the technological chain from fundamental research to the sale of new products, and also involve the optimal combination of the activities of research institutes, industrial enterprises, business, service and commercial structures, as well as local authorities.

The creation of technopolises contributes to the "accumulation" of all the necessary conditions for the development of high-tech production. Also, there is an alignment of socio-economically underdeveloped regions, their infrastructure is changing.

Technopolises are a fairly “young” phenomenon not only in Russia, but also in developed countries. That is why they are not well studied. However, the need for their existence is due to their positive impact on the economic and social development of the country and regions.

Authors: Evgrafova I.Yu., Krasnikova E.O.

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