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Gel that allows you to stick sensors to internal organs

30.12.2014

The ability to track physiological parameters is necessary for scientific research, accurate diagnosis of diseases and monitoring the health of the patient.

One effective way to collect relevant data is to measure electrical and other parameters using sensors. And if everything is more or less clear with the attachment of sensors to the surface of the body, then attaching the electrode to the surface of the internal organ is not so simple. At least, it was before the development of Japanese researchers, which is described in the publications of the Japanese Agency for Science and Technology JST and Nature Communications.

The sensors are supposed to be attached to moist, soft, shape-changing tissues and organs using a special gel based on polyvinyl alcohol. It has elasticity and other properties necessary to ensure reliable contact of sensors with living tissue for at least several hours.

So far, of course, it has only gone as far as animal experiments. But these experiments confirmed the viability of the idea. Scientists hope that over time, the development will find application in medical devices and prostheses.

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The hippocampus helps you navigate in space 05.06.2016

Scientists from the RIKEN Brain Science Institute (Japan), led by Thomas McHugh and Steven Middleton, studied the work of the hippocampus of laboratory mice and found out that it is he who allows the animal to determine its location in the environment and play the role of a kind of mental map, in which spatial information is "inscribed". The experiment showed that this map is quite easy to damage and leave the animal at a loss about where it is and where it is going - it is only necessary to destroy the neural connections between the zones of the hippocampus.

McHugh's team determined that the main role in the formation of an idea of ​​the environment in mice is played by neural impulses emanating from the CA3 zone of the hippocampus to other zones, in particular, to CA1, which directly depends on them (there are only four zones in the hippocampus - CA1, CA2, CAZ and CA 4. The abbreviation CA is from the Latin Cornu Ammonis "Ammon's horn"). The key to constant updating of the spatial map is the rhythmic flow of such impulses.

To study the consequences that would arise if there was a violation of the uniform flow of synaptic impulses from the SAZ to other areas of the hippocampus, scientists introduced neurotoxins into the SAZ, which “drowned out” the signals emanating from it. The result was a loss of orientation in space, a violation of the mental map and "entanglement" - the animal ceased to determine its location and could not assess the environment.

It became clear that correct orientation on the ground directly depends on the ability of the hippocampus to systematically form and maintain synaptic connections between areas - this does not allow errors in neural impulses to mix and destroy spatial information, including in sleep.

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