Life safety. Regulatory, technical and organizational foundations of the Belarusian Railways (the most important)

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Life safety. Regulatory, technical and organizational foundations of the Belarusian Railways (the most important)

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60. REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE BZD

The legal basis of legislation in the field of ensuring the safety of life is the Constitution - the main law of the state, where it is established that labor and health of people are protected in the Russian Federation; Everyone has the right to a healthy environment. Laws and other legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

These foundations include: environmental safety, labor protection and emergency situations.

1. Environmental Safety. Ensuring environmental safety on the territory of the Russian Federation, the formation and strengthening of environmental law and order are based on the Federal Law of 1992 “On Environmental Protection” in combination with measures of organizational, legal, economic and educational influence.

The law contains a set of rules for environmental protection in the new conditions of economic development and regulates environmental relations in the sphere of the entire natural environment, without singling out its individual objects, the protection of which is dedicated to special legislation. The objectives of this legislation are: protection of the natural environment, prevention of the harmful effects of economic or other activities, improvement of the natural environment, improvement of its quality.

The standards include MPC (chemical, physical, biological origin). Environmental requirements are imposed on all economic entities, regardless of ownership and subordination.

2. Occupational Safety and Health - this is a system for ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of labor activity, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

The main directions of state policy in the field of labor protection:

1) recognition and provision of the priority of the life and health of employees in relation to the results of the production activities of enterprises;

2) establishment of uniform regulatory requirements for labor protection for enterprises of all forms of ownership, regardless of the scope of economic activity and departmental subordination;

3) protection of the interests of workers affected by accidents at work and others.

3. Emergencies. Since 1998, the Federal Law “On Civil Defense” has been in force. The law defines the tasks, the legal basis for their implementation and the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments and organizations in the field of civil defense. Main tasks of Civil Defense:

1) teaching the population how to protect themselves from the dangers arising from the conduct of military operations or as a result of these operations;

2) informing the population about the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions;

3) evacuation of the population, material and cultural values to safe areas;

4) provision of shelters and personal protective equipment to the population;

5) carrying out emergency rescue operations in case of danger to the population, etc.

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