Life safety. Urbanization (most important)

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Life safety. Urbanization (most important)

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21. URBANIZATION

Urbanization - the process of increasing the role of cities in the development of society; It is expressed in special urban relations, covering the socio-professional and demographic structures of the population, its way of life, culture, distribution of productive forces and resettlement. The prerequisites for urbanization are the growth of industry in cities, the development of their cultural and political functions, and the deepening of the territorial division of labor. Urbanization is characterized by the influx of the rural population into the city and the increasing movement of the population from the rural environment and the nearest small towns to large cities.

Urbanization - phenomenon generally progressive, since the concentration of production, scientific and cultural institutions, educational institutions creates the preconditions for the growth of a general culture, improvement of life, employment of people, food supply, and medical care. In addition, there is an increase in energy, industrial production, means of transport, as well as the development of agriculture with an increase in production, as its average consumption per capita increases.

All of the above signs of increasing urbanization lead to negative changes natural environment: pollution, smoke in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil. Now the environment has accumulated about 50 thousand types of chemical compounds that are not destroyed by ecosystem destructors. These changes lead to a reduction in the duration of sunlight, which causes beriberi, accompanied by fatigue, deterioration in well-being, decreased performance, and resistance to infectious diseases. Noise and vibration in urban areas have an irritating effect, excite the central nervous system, disturb sleep, and adversely affect performance. High density, contact of the population contribute to the rapid spread of various infections. Residents of large cities have an unfavorable shift in the nature of nutrition: the calorie content of food is increased due to an increase in fats and carbohydrates in the diet, and a decrease in proteins. The birth rate is noticeably decreasing in urbanized areas.

To eliminate these signs, it is necessary to conduct fundamental research to study all aspects of the life and activities of society, to study the state of health and all types of population movement.

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