Life safety. Sources of air pollution (most important)

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Life safety. Sources of air pollution (most important)

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22. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

Source of air pollution can be any physical agent, chemical or species (generally micro-organisms) released into or produced in the environment in excess of natural amounts. Under atmospheric pollution understand the presence of gases, vapors, particles, solid and liquid substances, heat, vibrations, radiation that adversely affect humans, animals, plants, climate, materials, buildings and structures.

By origin, pollution is divided into natural, caused by natural, often abnormal, processes in nature, and anthropogenic, associated with human activities.

On the anthropogenic pollution accounts for a large share of air pollution. They are associated with the development of human production activities and are divided into local and global. Local pollution is associated with cities and industrial regions. Global pollution affects the biospheric processes on Earth and spread over great distances, as the air is in constant motion. Global atmospheric pollution is increasing due to the fact that harmful substances from it enter the soil, water bodies, and then re-enter the atmosphere.

Sources of air pollution divided into mechanical, physical and biological.

Mechanical pollution - dust, phosphates, lead, mercury formed during the combustion of fossil fuels and in the process of production of building materials.

physical pollution - thermal,

light, noise, electromagnetic, radioactive.

Biological pollution are a consequence of the reproduction of microorganisms and anthropogenic activities.

Common toxic substances polluting the atmosphere:

1) carbon monoxide (formed during forest fires, oxidation of terpenes, etc.);

2) sulfur dioxide (formed during volcanic eruptions, oxidation of sulfur and sulfates dispersed in the sea, fuel combustion in industrial installations);

3) nitric oxide (its sources are forest fires; vehicles, thermal power plants);

4) hydrocarbons (its sources are forest fires, natural methane and natural terpenes; vehicles, waste incineration, refrigeration, chemical plants, oil refineries);

5) dust (results from volcanic eruptions, dust storms, forest fires, fuel combustion in industrial installations, etc.).

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