Life safety. Environmental protection (most important)

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Life safety. Environmental protection (most important)

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58. TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL WORKERS TO COMPLY WITH LABOR SAFETY REGULATIONS

Training of engineering and technical workers (ITR) of all specialties on regulatory safety requirements is mandatory; created and operated equipment and technology are the main sources of traumatic and harmful factors acting in the environment.

Developing new technology, the engineer is obliged not only to ensure its functional perfection, manufacturability and acceptable economic indicators, but also to achieve the required levels of its environmental friendliness and safety in the technosphere. To this end, an engineer, when designing or before operating equipment, must identify all negative factors, establish their significance, develop and apply in the design of machines means of reducing negative factors to acceptable values, as well as means of preventing accidents and disasters using new technologies.

Since increasing the environmental friendliness of modern technical systems is often achieved by using eco-bioprotective technology, the engineer must know, be able to apply and create new means of protection, especially in the field of their professional activities. The engineer must understand that in the field of environmental protection, low-waste technologies and production cycles, including the receipt and processing of raw materials, production of products, recycling and disposal of waste, have the greatest protective effect, and in the field of safety - systems with high reliability, unmanned technologies and remote-controlled systems .

Solving the problems of the Belarusian Railways in the design and operation of technical systems is impossible without the engineer knowing the levels of permissible impacts of negative factors on humans and the environment, as well as knowing the negative consequences that arise when these regulatory requirements are violated.

This knowledge should be owned by specialists from all sectors of the economy, specialists in the field of energy, transport, metallurgy, chemistry and a number of other industries, specialists in monitoring the safety of the technosphere and the environmental friendliness of technical facilities, environmental monitoring in the regions, experts in assessing the safety of the technosphere and the environmental friendliness of technical objects, projects and plans; engineers - developers of eco-bioprotective systems and protective equipment. The main tasks of the activities of such specialists should be a comprehensive assessment of technical systems and industries from the standpoint of the Belarusian Railways, the development of new means and systems of eco-bioprotection, and management in the field of Belarusian Railways at the industrial and regional levels.

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Hands help the musician remember the melody 26.10.2012

How do we remember a melody? And why does a pianist who forgets notes often start over? Scientists at Georgetown University Medical Center now know the answers to these questions. At the Neuroscience 2012 annual meeting of the neuroscience community, researchers revealed their findings on what the brain must do to process new musical sequences and how to recall them.

The answer, according to Brennon Green, a graduate student working in lead author Joseph Rauscheker's lab, is that two different areas of the brain are involved. One is to memorize a fresh sequence of notes, the second is to remember it later. But what is most surprising is that both use motor skills.

Green, Rausheker, and three colleagues at Aalto University in Helsinki used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with volunteers listening to music directly in the scanner. The researchers found that the basal ganglia and cerebellum, areas of the brain responsible for movement, were activated to memorize music. It would be less surprising if these areas were used for singing - after all, it requires at least some muscular activity. These areas were active when people were trying to memorize notes, with one sound activating one neuron, another activating the next, and so on.

"The motor system includes some areas of the brain that nature has chosen to decode sounds. Therefore, in order to recognize a melody, the auditory system captures the musculoskeletal system," says Rauscheker .. "This is the same part of the brain that we use to learn to ski or dance," confirms Green.

After participants in the study recognized the sound of a melody, magnetic resonance imaging showed that brain activity switches from an area responsible for motor skills to an area associated with long-term memory. It also showed that it didn't matter exactly how many neurons fired to learn or remember a melody. Rauscheker likens the memorization of notes to dominoes stacked one after another: “In a melody, the tones are connected with each other in a certain order. And, as after the push of the first domino, the entire chain of dominoes falls one after another. Neurons are excited in the same way - one after another. way, it takes fewer neurons to remember a melody." This explains why it's easier to start over if you get stuck in the middle of a piano performance.

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