Life safety. Human energy expenditure during various forms of activity (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Life safety. Human energy expenditure during various forms of activity (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

3. HUMAN ENERGY EXPENSES DURING VARIOUS FORMS OF ACTIVITY

The level of human energy consumption in various forms of activity serves as a criterion for the severity and intensity of the work performed, is of great importance for optimizing working conditions and its rational organization.

Energy consumption level determined by the method of complete gas analysis, while taking into account the volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide released. With an increase in the severity of labor, oxygen consumption and the amount of energy consumed increase significantly.

The severity and intensity of work characterized by the degree of functional stress of the body. It can be energetic, depending on the power of work (during physical labor), and emotional (during mental labor), when information overload occurs.

Physical work It is characterized by a large load on the body, requiring mainly muscle effort and appropriate energy supply, and also affects the functional systems (cardiovascular, neuromuscular, respiratory, etc.), stimulates metabolic processes.

Its main indicator is heaviness. Energy costs during physical labor, depending on the severity of the work, are 4000-6000 kcal per day, and with a mechanized form of labor, energy costs are 3000-4000 kcal.

Brainwork combines work related to the reception and transmission of information, requiring activation of the processes of thinking, attention, memory. This type of labor is characterized by a significant decrease in motor activity.

Main indicator mental labor is tension, reflecting the load on the central nervous system. Energy consumption during mental work is 2500-3000 kcal per day. But energy costs vary depending on the working posture. So, in a working posture sitting, energy costs exceed the level of basal metabolism by 5-10%; standing - by 10-25%, with a forced uncomfortable posture - by 40-50%. With intensive intellectual work, the brain's need for energy is 15-20% of the total metabolism in the body.

The increase in total energy costs during mental work is determined by the degree of neuro-emotional tension.

Daily energy expenditure during mental work increases by 48% when reading aloud while sitting, by 90% - when lecturing, by 90-100% - among computer operators. In addition, the brain is prone to inertia, because after the cessation of work, the thought process continues, which leads to greater fatigue and exhaustion of the central nervous system than during physical labor.

<< Back: Classification of the main forms of activity

>> Forward: Methods for assessing the severity of labor

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Inorganic chemistry. Crib

▪ Consumer behavior. Crib

▪ Pricing. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Music is the secret of children's progress 14.04.2018

European experts conducted an interesting experiment that showed what can affect the performance of children.

As it turned out, music lessons in art schools can positively influence short-term memory in children. A positive effect was also noticed in the study of a foreign language by a child.

Also, the authors of the work emphasized that almost all music lessons were removed from schools, but it is these lessons that have a positive effect on the mental and intellectual abilities of the child.

The study was conducted with the participation of children from Dutch schools. Specialists monitored children who attend music lessons, as well as those who do not.

After 2,5 years, it was noticed that music helps to improve the performance of schoolchildren, develop their visual and spatial memory.

Other interesting news:

▪ Fifth type of Higgs boson decay into other elementary particles discovered

▪ Smart guide vest for the visually impaired

▪ long fingers of depression

▪ The danger of chocolate disappearing

▪ New bipolar transistors MJL4281A (npn) and MJL4302

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ radio section of the website. Article selection

▪ article In the middle of nowhere. Popular expression

▪ article When did man start domesticating animals? Detailed answer

▪ article Refueler at a car filling station. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ UMZCH article with deep environmental protection. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Current regulator on trinistor. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews