Life safety. Peculiarities of labor activity of women and adolescents (the most important)

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Life safety. Peculiarities of labor activity of women and adolescents (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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7. FEATURES OF WORKING ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN AND ADOLESCENTS

When employing women and adolescents in the workplace, it is necessary to take into account anatomical and physiological characteristics of their body.

In adolescence there is an accelerated growth of the bones of the skeleton and muscles, especially the limbs, and at the same time - weakness of the ligamentous apparatus, faster muscle fatigue, deviations in the development of the respiratory organs and the gastrointestinal tract are not uncommon, and the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system are imperfect. Therefore, in this case, professional selection and orientation based on medical indicators are important. It is necessary to be based on an exact clarification of the requirements of the labor process to the degree of functional tension of various physiological systems.

For persons aged 16-18, a reduced 36-hour work week has been established. The use of the labor of adolescents in carrying heavy loads is limited, and if the work is connected specifically with the transfer of heavy loads, then the weight of the load should not exceed 4,1 kg.

Pronounced gender differences in the intensity of physiological functions, lower working capacity and labor productivity, the development of uncompensated fatigue at an earlier time, a significant frequency of violations in the implementation of specific functions are the grounds for including gender gradations in the classification of the severity and intensity of labor. These gradations are based on the effects of microclimate, chemicals, noise and vibration.

Anatomical and physiological features Women in some cases, with an unsatisfactory working environment, they can contribute to the occurrence of gynecological diseases and affect the state of reproductive function. For working women, they regulate Limit values for carrying and moving loads, introduce more favorable work and rest regimes, limit the use of women’s labor at night, and establish for them a part-time or part-time work schedule.

The maximum weight of the load lifted and moved by women, subject to the alternation of this work with other types of work up to 2 times per hour, is 10 kg, and with constant lifting and moving of weights during the work shift - 7 kg.

Since the woman's body is especially vulnerable during pregnancy, there is a need to transfer women for a certain period of time to jobs that are not associated with the danger of exposure to difficult and harmful working conditions.

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