Life safety. Hygienic standards for the content of chemicals in the soil (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
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Life safety. Hygienic standards for the content of chemicals in the soil (the most important)

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33. HYGIENE STANDARDS FOR THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN SOIL

The main provisions of the theory and practice of hygienic regulation of the content of harmful substances in the soil are determined by the fact that not all intake of exogenous chemicals into the soil should be considered dangerous for human health and the environment. The safety of chemicals entering the soil is determined by the inadmissibility of exceeding the adaptive capacity of the most sensitive groups of the population or the threshold of self-cleaning capacity of the soil. The establishment of the standard is based on data obtained under extreme soil and climatic conditions (maximum migration of the substance into the media in contact with the soil), taking into account the effect on self-purification processes and microbiocenoses.

Hygiene standards are established taking into account the limiting indicator of harmfulness: general sanitary (OS), migratory water (MW), air (MA), organoleptic, phytoaccumulative (TV) (transition and accumulation in plants) and sanitary-toxicological. If we take into account the extreme variability of climatic and landscape conditions of soil formation, then the experimentally substantiated MPC can be considered as a reference value used to assess the danger of soil pollution in specific soil and climatic conditions.

MPC of an exogenous chemical in soil - its maximum amount (in mg/kg of the arable layer of absolutely dry soil), established in extreme soil and climatic conditions,

which guarantees the absence of negative direct or indirect impact on human health, its offspring and sanitary living conditions of the population through the environment in contact with the soil.

In terms of its value, the MPC of the soil differs significantly from the accepted permissible concentrations for water and air, since the entry of harmful substances into the human body directly from the soil occurs in exceptional cases and in small quantities (through media in contact with the soil, which are air, water and plants) .

To assess the content of harmful substances in the soil carry out sampling on a plot of 25 mXNUMX²at 3-5 points diagonally from a depth of 0,25 m, and when determining the effect of pollution on groundwater - from a depth of 0,75-2 m in an amount of 0,2-1 kg. In the case of the use of new chemical compounds for which there are no MPCs_П, temporary allowable concentrations are calculated: VDC_П = 1,23 + 0,48 MPC_ETC(for food, mg/kg).

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