Life safety. Radiation reconnaissance (most important)

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Life safety. Radiation reconnaissance (most important)

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53. RADIATION INTELLIGENCE

Effective protection population, maintaining the working capacity of workers and employees in many respects depend on early detection radioactive contamination, objective evaluation the prevailing situation. It should be borne in mind that the process of the formation of a radioactive trace lasts several hours. During this time, the headquarters for civil defense and emergency situations (GO and ES) carry out the tasks of predicting radioactive contamination of the area. The forecast provides only approximate data on the size and degree of pollution.

Specific actions of the forces and means of the civil defense, the population, as well as the decision to carry out rescue operations, are carried out on the basis of an assessment of the situation according to data received from intelligence actually operating on the ground. Using this data, determined specific regimes of radiation protection of the population, the beginning and duration of the work of rescuers shifts in the contaminated area, and the issues of decontamination of equipment, transport, and food are resolved.

In the event of an accident at nuclear power plants, radioactive contamination of the area is local character. It is caused mainly by biologically active radionuclides. The radiation dose rate on the ground is hundreds or even thousands of times less than in the trace of the radioactive cloud of a nuclear explosion. Therefore, the main danger to people is not external, but internal radiation.

Radiation reconnaissance is carried out at predetermined points, including populated areas, i.e., where infection from an accidental release is possible. Intelligence measures the dose rate, takes soil and water samples, examines in detail settlements, trade facilities, checks the degree of contamination of food, fodder, and determines the possibility of their use. The bulk of the work in the first days after the accident is carried out by reconnaissance units of civil defense units and formations, as well as civilian intelligence formations.

Tasks to control the degree of radioactive contamination food, food, fodder and water are solved by institutions of the network of observation and laboratory control - these are SES laboratories, agrochemical, veterinary, which are equipped with special dosimetric and radiometric equipment. In populated radiation-contaminated areas, additional control is established in the system of trade and public catering, in markets, in educational institutions and preschool institutions.

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