Life safety. Sources of hydrosphere pollution (most important)

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Life safety. Sources of hydrosphere pollution (most important)

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23. SOURCES OF HYDROSPHERE POLLUTION

The main sources of pollution and contamination of the hydrosphere (reservoirs) is insufficient purification of wastewater from industrial and municipal enterprises, large livestock complexes, production waste during the development of ore minerals; water mines, mines; water and rail transport discharges; pesticides, etc. Pollutants entering natural water bodies lead to qualitative changes in water, which manifest themselves in a change in the chemical composition of water, in the presence of floating substances on the surface of the water and their deposition at the bottom of water bodies.

Industrial wastewater is polluted with industrial waste and emissions. The quantitative and qualitative composition depends on the industry and its technological processes.

Waste divided into two main groups: containing inorganic impurities (including toxic) and containing poisons. The first group includes wastewater from soda, lead and nickel ore processing factories, which contain acids, alkalis, heavy metal ions, etc. Wastewater from this group mainly changes the physical properties of water. Wastewater of the second group is discharged by oil refineries, organic synthesis plants, etc.

Stocks contain various petroleum products, ammonia, aldehydes, resins, phenols, etc. The harmful effect of this group of wastewater lies in oxidative processes, as a result of which the oxygen content in water decreases, and the biochemical demand for it increases. Population growth, the emergence of new cities increase the flow of domestic wastewater into inland waters, polluting them with pathogenic bacteria.

All of the above factors lead to a failure of the biological and physical regimes of water bodies.

Used for wastewater treatment mechanical, chemical, physicochemical and biological methods. When they are used together, the method of purification and disposal of wastewater is combined.

Mechanical method allows you to remove up to 60-75% of insoluble impurities from domestic wastewater, and up to 95% from industrial wastewater; chemical method - up to 95% insoluble impurities and up to 25% - soluble.

Physico-chemical method allows you to remove finely dispersed and dissolved inorganic impurities and destroy organic and poorly oxidized substances. There are several types biological devices for wastewater treatment: biofilters, biological ponds.

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