Life safety. Sustainability of functioning of economic objects and technical systems in emergencies (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
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Life safety. Sustainability of functioning of economic objects and technical systems in emergencies (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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54. STABILITY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF ECONOMIC OBJECTS AND TECHNICAL SYSTEMS IN EMERGENCIES

Ensuring the stable operation of economic facilities in an emergency situation in peacetime and wartime is one of the main tasks Russian system of warning and action in emergency situations.

Under sustainability of the functioning of the object of the economy or other structures understand their ability in emergency situations to withstand the effects of damaging factors in order to maintain product output in the planned volume and range; preventing or limiting the threat to the life and health of personnel, the population and material damage, as well as ensuring the restoration of disrupted production in the shortest possible time.

On the stability of the operation of objects in an emergency affect the following factors:

1) reliability of personnel protection;

2) the ability to withstand the damaging factors of fixed production assets;

3) technological equipment, energy supply systems, logistics and sales;

4) readiness to conduct rescue and other urgent work and work to restore production, as well as reliability and continuity of management.

The listed factors determine the basic requirements for the sustainable functioning of economic facilities, set out in the Design Standards for engineering and technical measures.

The assessment of resistance to the impact of damaging factors of various emergency situations consists in:

1) identifying the most likely emergency situations in the area;

2) analysis and assessment of damaging factors of emergency situations;

3) determining the characteristics of the object of the economy and its elements;

4) determining the maximum values of damaging parameters;

5) determination of the main measures to improve the stability of the operation of economic objects (appropriate increase in the stability limit).

The main criterion for sustainability is the limit of stability of the object of the economy to the parameters of the damaging factors of the emergency:

1) mechanical damaging parameters;

2) thermal (light) radiation;

3) chemical contamination (lesion);

4) radioactive contamination (irradiation). The definition of the most probable emergency situations is made on the basis of the type of economic object, the nature of the technological process and the characteristics of the geographical area. The maximum parameters of damaging factors are determined by calculation or are set by the headquarters of the Civil Defense Emergencies.

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