Life safety. Environmental protection (most important)

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Life safety. Environmental protection (most important)

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25. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Concept "environmental protection" is a system of measures that are aimed at maintaining rational interaction between human activities and the natural environment, ensure the conservation and restoration of natural resources, prevent direct and indirect impact of the results of human activity and society on nature and health. Health is 17-20% determined by the quality of the environment.

Based on the principles of ensuring the safety of human interaction with the environment environmental protection is carried out in several ways: legal, natural science, economic, sanitary and hygienic, organizational and managerial, cultural and educational.

legal way involves the definition of subjects of environmental protection; establishment of prohibitive, permissive, obligatory, compensatory, empowering and other norms regulating environmental relations; determination of measures and means of exercising state control; establishment of measures of legal liability for environmental offenses and compensation for damage caused.

ecological function - one of the functions performed by the state as a political organization of society; its main purpose is to ensure a scientifically based balance of environmental and economic interests of society, to create the necessary guarantees for the implementation and protection of human rights to a clean, healthy and favorable natural environment for human life.

The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 4, 1994 "On the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development" outlines the following areas for implementation State Environmental Strategy of the Russian Federation:

1) ensuring environmental safety;

2) protection of the environment;

3) improvement or restoration of disturbed ecosystems in ecologically unfavorable areas;

4) participation in solving international and global environmental problems.

Purpose of environmental legislation consists in providing the natural environment in the conditions of the economic development of society with means of legal regulation, which is achieved through the development, adoption and application of legal norms that reflect the requirements of environmental laws in the interaction of society and nature, fixing scientifically based standards of economic impact on the natural habitat.

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Wi-Fi bandwidth increased by 8 times 28.11.2012

Scientists from the University of North Carolina have found a way to increase the throughput of Wi-Fi networks by 700% of the current values. It is reported by ExtremeTech. Most importantly, this method is completely software-based, which means that it can also be implemented in existing networks - to instantly increase the data transfer rate.

It is easy to see that the Wi-Fi network in a cafe or airport is slower than at home. The fact is that in a public place a much larger number of devices are connected to the access point and they all work on the same wireless channel. The channel, depending on the wireless technology used, has a maximum throughput value (for example, 100 Mbps). In addition, the channel is bidirectional: that is, data flows in two directions - from the access point to the user's device and from the device to the access point.

As a result of the limited bandwidth and the connection of a large number of devices, there are interruptions in the connection of individual users, when, due to the high load on the channel, data cannot be transmitted freely and is delayed. To solve the problem, the researchers developed a software algorithm called WiFox, which is part of the Wi-Fi hotspot firmware. It monitors delays in data transfer and, if they occur, turns on the high priority mode. In this mode, the access point takes full control over the wireless channel, freeing it from data accumulation. The system then returns to normal operation.

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When testing the algorithm on a Wi-Fi network with 45 connections, university scientists registered a 700% increase in throughput. However, the researchers did not provide exact numbers. Therefore, for example, even in the most modern Wi-Fi network operating on the 802.11n protocol, there could be talk of increasing throughput from 1 to 8 Mbps, ExtremeTech suggests.

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