Life safety. Chemically hazardous objects (most important)

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Life safety. Chemically hazardous objects (most important)

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51. CHEMICALLY HAZARDOUS OBJECTS

Chemically hazardous objects - objects of the national economy that produce, store or use emergency and chemically hazardous substances (CCS), the release of which into the environment can occur during industrial and transport accidents, during natural disasters.

Causes of accidents in production using chemicals, there are violations of the rules of transportation and storage, non-compliance with safety regulations, failure of units, mechanisms, pipelines, malfunction of means of transportation, depressurization of storage tanks, excess of standard stocks.

Chemically hazardous objects include:

1) enterprises of the chemical, oil refining industry;

2) enterprises of the food, meat and dairy industry and others that have refrigeration units in which ammonia is used as a refrigerant;

3) water treatment and other treatment facilities using chlorine as a disinfectant;

4) railway stations with sludge tracks for rolling stock with potent toxic substances (SDYAV);

5) railway stations for unloading and loading SDYAV;

6) warehouses and bases with a stock of pesticides and other substances for disinfection, disinfestation and deratization.

The release of CW into the environment can occur during industrial and transport accidents, during natural disasters. The enterprise itself and the territory adjacent to it may be in the focus of chemical contamination or the zone of chemical contamination. In accordance with this, allocate four degrees of danger of chemical objects:

I degree - more than 75 people fall into the zone of possible infection;

II degree - 40-000 people fall into the zone of possible chemical contamination;

III degree - less than 40 people fall;

IV degree - the zone of possible chemical contamination does not go beyond the boundaries of the object.

The enterprise itself and the territory adjacent to it may be in the focus of chemical contamination or the zone of chemical contamination. The possibility of a more or less prolonged contamination of the area depends on the persistence and ability of the chemical to contaminate surfaces.

In terms of toxicity and danger chemicals are divided into: extremely hazardous, highly hazardous, moderately hazardous, low hazardous. From the standpoint of the duration and time of the onset of the damaging effect, they are divided into unstable ones with a fast onset or delayed action, as well as persistent ones with a fast onset or delayed effect.

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