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Dangers for winemaking

21.05.2017

James Daniell (James E. Daniel) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and his colleagues in the German-Australian research team have developed the first "risk index" of natural hazards for more than 7000 wine regions around the world. At the top of the list are Argentina, Georgia and Moldova, while French Polynesia, Sri Lanka and the Netherlands Antilles are still safe. The scientists presented their results at a meeting of the European Geophysical Union and briefly in a publication in Geophysical Research Abstracts. In addition, the group developed the Wineisk website, which is now more practical.

Natural phenomena are causing more and more damage to winemaking around the world. The hail that so suffers, for example, in Burgundy, is but one disaster among many. Floods, frosts and fires are increasingly common in wine regions, thanks in part to the changing global climate. Meteorologists, geophysicists and economists have collaborated to develop a first-of-its-kind "risk index" based on natural hazards for more than 7000 wine regions around the world.

The team of scientists collected maps of climate-related and non-climate hazards and integrated the data to calculate an overall risk index. At the same time, 50 points were considered low, and 200 points were considered very high. This list was headed by Argentina, Georgia and Moldova, the least at risk were French Polynesia, Sri Lanka and the Netherlands Antilles. The researchers concluded that although all risks cannot be avoided, winemakers can reduce them by installing, for example, sprinklers in their vineyards to protect against frost.

In general, the study can be useful not only for the wine industry, but also for insurance companies and governments, but also for non-professional drinkers. Knowing the fate of your favorite brand and being able to protect your collections from earthquakes and other dangers - for example, by securing expensive bottles on racks using rubber cords - is worth something.

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Employees of the Mediterranean Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in Marseille (France) studied the visual memory of pigeons.

By showing birds hundreds of images and teaching them to peck at a certain button if the picture is already familiar, psychologists have found that a pigeon's visual memory can store up to 1200 images. Given the very small size of the brain of a pigeon, this is very good. For example, baboons are able to memorize up to 6000 images.

What explains such a good visual memory of pigeons is not yet clear, but it is assumed that it helps birds in navigation.

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