Life safety. Emergency situations, their types (the most important)

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Life safety. Emergency situations, their types (the most important)

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48. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, THEIR TYPES

Emergency - a state in which, as a result of the occurrence of a source of an emergency situation in a certain territory or water area, the normal conditions of life and activity of people are violated, their life and health are threatened, damage is caused to the population, the national economy and the natural environment.

Emergencies are divided into man-made, anthropogenic, natural, as well as by the types and types of events underlying these situations, by the scale of distribution, by the complexity of the situation, and the severity of the consequences.

Classification of emergency situations objects of the economy by potential hazard:

1) with the release of mechanical energy - explosions, damage or destruction of mechanisms, assemblies, communications, collapse of structures and buildings; hydrodynamic; dam failures with ensuing consequences;

2) with release of thermal energy - fires, explosions in buildings on technological equipment; fires at the objects of production, processing, storage of flammable combustibles, explosives; transport fires; fires in residential, social and cultural buildings; detection of unexploded ordnance; loss of flammable, combustible, explosive substances;

3) with the release of radiation energy - accidents at nuclear power plants, nuclear power plants for industrial and research purposes with the release or threat of release of radioactive substances; accidents with the release of radioactive substances at nuclear fuel cycle enterprises; accidents on transport and space vehicles with nuclear installations or with a cargo of radioactive substances; accidents with nuclear weapons or operation, storage or installation; loss of radioactive sources;

4) with the release of chemical energy - accidents with the release of highly toxic substances during production processing or storage; transport accidents with the release of toxic substances; the formation and spread of potent toxic substances in the course of chemical reactions that began as a result of the accident; chemical munitions accidents; loss of sources of potent toxic substances;

5) leakage of bacteriological agents: violation of the rules for the operation of water supply and sewerage facilities; violation of technology in the work of food industry enterprises; violation of the regime of work of institutions of a sanitary and epidemiological profile.

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