Life safety. Protection from energy impacts (most important)

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Life safety. Protection from energy impacts (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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39. ENERGY PROTECTION

When solving problems of protection against energy impacts, a source, an energy receiver, and a protective device are distinguished, which reduces the energy flow to the receiver to acceptable levels.

Protective device has the ability to reflect, absorb, be transparent in relation to the flow of energy and is characterized energetically by absorption, reflection, and transmission coefficients. Therefore, the following protection principles can be distinguished:

1) protection is carried out due to the reflectivity of protective devices;

2) protection is carried out due to the absorption capacity of the protective device;

3) protection is carried out taking into account the transparency properties of protective devices.

In practice, the principles are usually combine, receiving various methods of protection (in particular, isolation and absorption).

Isolation Methods are used when the source and receiver of energy, which is also the object of protection, are located on different sides of the protective device. These methods are based on reducing the transparency of the medium between the source and the receiver. In this case, two main methods of insulation can be distinguished: a decrease in the transparency of the medium is achieved by absorbing energy or due to the high reflectivity of the protective device.

At the heart absorption methods lies the principle of increasing the flow of energy passed into the protective device. There are two types of energy absorption by a protective device: energy absorption by the protective device itself due to its selection from a source in one form or another, including in the form of irreversible losses, and energy absorption due to the high transparency of the protective device.

For example, when exposed to such a hazard as vibration, inertia, friction, elasticity and forcing forces act in the vibration system. To protect against vibration use vibration isolation method, when a vibration isolator with a low transmission coefficient is installed between the source of vibration and its receiver, which is also an object of protection.

Vibration protection by absorption methods is carried out in the form dynamic damping and vibration absorption. In the first case, vibration energy is absorbed by a protective device that takes vibration energy from the source to itself (there is an inertial dynamic vibration absorber). A protective device that increases energy dissipation as a result of increasing the dissipative properties of the system is called a vibration absorber. It is possible to combine these two properties simultaneously using dynamic vibration dampers with friction.

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