Life safety. Hygienic standards for the content of chemicals in the atmosphere (the most important)

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Life safety. Hygienic standards for the content of chemicals in the atmosphere (the most important)

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31. HYGIENE STANDARDS FOR THE CONTENT OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Due to the fact that the requirement of the complete absence of industrial poisons in the breathing zone of workers is often impossible, it is of great importance hygienic regulation of the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area, which is carried out in three steps:

1) substantiation of the estimated safe level of exposure;

2) justification of the maximum allowable concentration (MAC);

3) adjustment of this concentration, taking into account the working conditions of workers and their state of health. The establishment of MPC may be preceded by justification of the approximate safe level of exposure to harmful substances in the air of the working area, the atmosphere of populated areas, in water and soil.

Estimated safe exposure level set temporarily for the period preceding the design of production. It is determined by calculation from physicochemical properties or by interpolation and extrapolation in the homologous series of compounds or in terms of acute toxicity, and must be reviewed two years after their approval.

MPC of harmful substances in the air of the working area - concentrations that, during daily work for 8 hours or during other activities, but not exceeding 41 hours per week, during the length of service of the worker, cannot cause diseases or deviations in the state of health detected by modern research methods in the course of work or in the long term of life present or future generations. The content of harmful substances in the air of the working area should not exceed the indicators established by hygienic standards (GN) approved by the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare.

MPC of harmful substances in the air of populated areas - maximum concentrations related to a certain averaging period and not having, with a regulated probability of their occurrence, either direct or indirect harmful effects on the human body, including long-term consequences for the present and subsequent generations, which do not reduce a person's performance and do not worsen his well-being.

Maximum MPC concentration - the highest of the 30-minute concentrations recorded at a given point for a certain period of observation, which is based on the principle of the transformation of reflex reactions in humans.

Average MPC concentration - the average of the number of concentrations detected during the day or taken continuously for 24 hours. Its determination is based on the principle of preventing a resorptive (general toxic) effect on the body.

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